anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst. An esterification reaction is when an acid is converted into an ester by combining with an alcohol and removing a water molecule. When heating the salicylic acid mixture in the warm water bath‚ the mixture should be removed from the bath within 8 minutes‚ to reduce the chance of the acetylsalicylic acid decomposing. The purpose of this procedure is to isolate acetylsalicylic acid from its accompanied acid catalyst‚ unreacted salicylic acid‚ acetic anhydride
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reactions can happen at different rates. Reactions that happen slowly have a low rate of reaction. Reactions that happen quickly have a high rate of reaction. The temperature‚ concentration‚ light‚ surface area of reacting solids‚ and the use of catalysts‚ are all factors which affect the rate of a
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wait | 2 | 1 min‚ 1.88 secs | 25.4°C | Very quickly turned dark purple | 3 | 59.95 secs | 25.4°C | Most rapid rxn‚ turned dark purple quickly | 4 | 1 min‚ 10.13 secs | 35°C | Alarmed that rxn was not very fast | 5 | 2.38 secs | 24.2°C | When catalyst added‚ rxn completed immediately | Calculations: 1) M1V1 = M2V2 K2S2O8 Experiment 1 (0.20M)(2.0mL) = M2(11mL) M2 = 0.036 M Experiment2 (0.20M)(4.0mL) = M2(11mL) M2 = 0.073 M Experiment 3 (0.20M)(2.0mL) = M2(11mL) M2 = 0.036 M
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were used for testing the rate of reaction between S2O32- and HCl on an aqueous medium (H2O(l)). The factors affecting the rates namely the catalyst‚ temperature‚ and concentration are shown in the data how effectively each function affects the result. From the data of the experiment conducted‚ the rates of reactions sped up when there was a presence of a catalyst‚ increased temperature‚ and larger surface area and concentration. With the knowledge of chemical kinetics‚ people may calculate which reactions
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Catalytic Converter A.P.P Assessment Catalytic converters are used in cars to reduce pollution and toxic gases‚ such as carbon monoxide. Here are the reactions that happen inside a catalytic converter: 2NOx(g) → xO2(g) + N2(g) – this is the reduction of nitrogen oxides. 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) – this is the changing of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. There are different views on catalytic converters. The two main views are the environmental view‚ and the economic view. The environmental view
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metals donate electrons readily. In organic chemistry‚ there are very diverse reductants. For example‚ in a catalytic reduction to reduce carbon-carbon double or triple bonds‚ the main reductant would be hydrogen gas (H2) coupled with Lindlar’s catalysts (palladium‚ platinum or nickel). Hydrogenation reduces most types of multiple bonds. Another method of
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competitive advantage by developing formal digital strategies that support key corporate business and marketing objectives. By proactively measuring and optimizing these digital strategies and programs‚ maximum return on investment can be achieved. CATALYST EAST COAST Background Corporate investments on internet-oriented marketing and sales initiatives over the past 15 years have increased from virtually nothing in the mid-90s to millions of dollars annually at big companies. Today‚ digital
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Science investigation Aim: To try to see if the temperature affects the rate in which Amylase breaks down starch into maltose. In this reaction starch is the substrate and maltose is the product. Amylase is an enzyme‚ Enzymes‚ also called catalysts‚ are in living things and there are thousand of them. Enzymes break down food by the active site on the Enzyme forming a chemical bond with a substrate and then water attacks the substrate until it is hydrolysed (split in 2). Equipment: Boiling
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hydrolysis a reverse reaction of esterification occurs. To ensure the reaction is complete an acid catalyst is commonly used. The catalyst is usually concentrated sulphuric acid. This experiment covered 4 techniques; they are distillation‚ refluxing‚ extraction‚ and esterification. Firstly‚ esterification and refluxing‚ the acid and alcohol are first warmed and mixed together with the sulphuric acid catalyst then attached it to a reflux condenser for a period of time. Then extraction‚ chloroform was
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Christina Grello With the dramatically increasing population it is extremely important that we find a low-cost‚ carbon-neutral fuel. American chemist Dr. Daniel Nocera has devoted his career to finding this alternative energy source using photosynthesis as his inspiration. Photosynthesis‚ the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose‚ is arguably one of the most important chemical reactions on earth. The maintenance of life on earth‚ our food‚ oxygen‚ and fossil
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