In Plato’s Republic‚ Plato challenges the question of what defines morality. Morality is a subject that delineates Ayn Rand’s notion of the “sense of life.” Rand elucidates‚ “You have no choice about the necessity to integrate your observations‚ your knowledge into abstract ideas‚ ie.‚ into principles (Thomas‚ p. 1).” It is explained in the article by William Thomas that a sense of life is something that all humans have. A sense of morality is also something that all humans have within them (we
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embrace theory. The principles do not provide the answers to how one should behave‚ but rather “help to direct the thinking toward achieving a consensus on what ought to be done in difficult circumstances” (Tschundin‚ 2003‚ p.51) which was studied in health promotion (Cottrell‚ Girvan‚ & McKenzie‚ 2006). A principle is the value of life principle “Without living human being‚ there can be no ethic” (Cottrell‚ Girvan‚ & McKenzie‚ 2006). The principle of goodness is (rightness). “Good” and “right”
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In our situation‚ Jane has put Rosa in a bit of a predicament. Should she accept the money and help her family‚ while also letting Jane continue to help the environmental charity? Should she not? If she does not‚ should she turn Jane in? To try and help solve this problem‚ we are going to focus one two branches of ethics‚ Utilitarianism and Kantianism. I’m going to focus on Bentham’s version of Utilitarianism‚ as the two lines of thinking seem to differ the most when his version is used. The
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In the most basic sense evidentialism focuses on the justifications‚ beliefs‚ conclusions‚ and the evidence for each of these for any given person. William Clifford’s work‚ The Ethics of Beliefs‚ presents his principle of evidentialism and how one must judge the beliefs and justifications rather than consequences. Given Clifford’s definition‚ counter arguments regarding the necessity of consequences towards an individual’s action arise to invalidate Clifford’s claim. I will argue that despite the
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Phaedrus believes that Quality cannot be real‚ but that it also can be. He’s caught in a trap of what quality is‚ and how you explain it. Somethings are better than other things‚ but when trying to distinguish why there’s no way of knowing. If everyone doesn’t know what quality is why it real? Phaedrus believes that quality is practical and that clearly somethings are better than others. We tend to impulsively split the world into smaller things and categories to better understand it. Quality is
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Title How is one to determine one’s moral obligation? What is one ought to do in a given situation and how exactly should we go about calculating and determining which actions we should do? The first principle that we will examine is the Simple Principle‚ which is a principle that says‚ of the available actions‚ one should do the action that will produce the best outcome. Liam B. Murphy in “The Demands of Beneficence” argue that the Simple Principle‚ requires too much from a person especially
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In Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals‚ he sets forth to explain the relationship between actions and their moral worth. In this paper‚ I will begin by explaining what determines the moral worth of actions based on the three types of motivations‚ distinguishing particularly between actions from duty versus in accordance with duty. Then‚ I will explain the seeming contradiction set forth in Kant’s examples of actions from duty. Finally‚ I will describe how Kant believes that most actions
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Autonomy/Heteronomy/Free Will/Classical Conditioning: What does each individually and holistically argue? And how‚ if possible‚ can they be related? What does it mean fundamentally to us as human? Kant argues that we as human beings have pure practical reason‚ to which he means that we are able to construct rationality from various thought processes an act accordingly given those measures because we are persons capable and worthy of respect. According to Kant we own ourselves and by being autonomous
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In the First Section of The Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals‚ Kant presents an argument stating that ‘happiness’ is not‚ in fact‚ the ultimate and highest end for any being with reason and will‚ but that the true end for these beings is a will that is good in and of itself‚ without condition. Kant bases this argument on his belief that the “cultivation of reason”‚ which is made necessary for the attainment of an unconditionally good will‚ in many ways‚ restricts the attainment of ‘happiness’
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In Beyond Good & Evil‚ Friedrich Nietzsche seeks to develop the idea of moral philosophy beyond basic pleasures‚ how they relate to the general population‚ and further into our own personal intricacies and how they create a set of rules that apply to most individuals. Throughout the book‚ Nietzsche articulate well over 200 epigrams‚ each of which highlights a different aspect of human morality. Nietzsche’s 68th epigram dictates: “‘I have done that‚’ says my memory. ‘I cannot have done that‚’ says
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