NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES Objective • Discuss the normative ethical theories L2: Normative Ethical Theories Beliefs about how people should behave can be classified into at least 2 major categories: Teleological theories (Consequentialism) Right actions are those that produce the most or optimize the consequences of one’s choices. Behaviour is ‘ethical’ if it results in desirable behaviour 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical egoism Ethical elitism Ethical parochialism Ethical universalism Deontological theories
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R as a Tool for Statistical Analysis Getting Started with R (Part I) The > is called the prompt. If a command is too long to fit on a line‚ a + is used for the continuation prompt. Assign values to an object using the equal sign (=)‚ e.g.‚ >x=11. Note: R is case sensitive Print command allows you to see the value in an object You may also use the less than sign and a dash to create an arrow (<-) to assign values. An equal sign (=) is also used to assign values. R easily overwrites
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In early fall of 2015‚ news agencies across the U.S. were publishing stories about a report issued by the Environmental Protection Agency detailing violations of the Clear Air Act by Volkswagen automobiles. It had been discovered by investigative teams that Volkswagen had been cheating emissions control tests with illegal software in their programmable diesel engines. The engines were programmed to lower their nitrogen (NOx) emissions during standard testing when in real-world driving‚ they actually
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Week 3 Assignment:1 1. In what ways is the need to calculate utility a problem for utilitarianism? In my opinion the meaning of calculation of utility not so curtain and understandable. We know that some actions produce more pleasure for us than others but it is not difficult for us to rank actions in order of the pleasure they give us. Same time it is impossible to accurately measure how much pleasure they give us. What is the measurement of this action and how we can measure it? It has
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hypothetical imperative‚ and this does not command universally applicable moral rules. It states that you act in a certain way to achieve a goal‚ doing `A` to get to `B`‚ like practicing an instrument in order to improve. This differs from the categorical imperative (CI)‚ which forms the majority of
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According to deontology‚ actions is considered moral or immoral based on the adherence to duties‚ or rules It is described as “duty” from the word “deon” from Greek (CVP‚ p.10). The thing that determine what "right" is its settlement with a moral standard based on this theory is the rightness part of the action have to be greater than the good of it. Deontology got its foundations from Immanuel Kant. Kant’s theory is considered deontological for numerous reasons. Starting off‚ Kant states that in
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Proposition 203‚ the medical marijuana initiative‚ has passed in Arizona as of the November 2010 elections. An amazing demonstration of how every vote counts‚ it passed by less than 5‚000 votes. This means that in Arizona‚ doctors can prescribe marijuana to patients and they can receive legal marijuana for medicinal use. Medical marijuana was a hotly contested issue. Proposition 203 specifically allows for doctor prescribed marijuana use in the following cases (source is the AZ Department of Health
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concepts lead to the principle of universalizability. He stated that‚ “An act is morally acceptable if and only if its maxim is universalizable.” To prove his statement he used two imperatives which are hypothetical imperatives and Categorical Imperatives. “Categorical Imperatives” is a single moral obligation that relates to the concept of duty which Kant defines as a major content in this obligation. Kant assessed the principle of universalizability by denying benevolence which he also used in his
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their own desires. This is total disagreeable. The most categorical imperative act is when your own life is at risk and to save it you must commit things you normally would not. This is because of our new society of individualism and occupied of our own needs before we can think about our neighbor/fellow man. A soldier can quit and take a normal job. They knew that they would commit these things but chose to stay. This is why it is a categorical imperative action. Mike blames the media for the controversial
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When it comes to Proposition 8 I would have voted against it all the way. I have often thought what gives anyone the right to take away civil rights from anyone gay or straight. I personally have struggled with this debate on so many different levels it still unbelievable to me that in court in the world would deny civil rights down to such a basic level. The fourteenth Amendment clearly has a double standard attached to it when it comes to Proposition 8. Basically saying that we can’t deny gays
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