Polyatomic Ions.table List of Polyatomic Ions that Must be Memorized for General Chemistry Polyatomic Cation: NH4+ ammonium ion Polyatomic Anions Ionic Charge: Oxyanions: ClO4– perchlorate ion ClO3– chlorate ion – ClO2 chlorite ion ClO– hypochlorite ion -1 Ionic Charge: Oxyanions that Contain Hydrogen: HCO3– bicarbonate ion or hydrogen carbonate ion HSO4– bisulfate ion or hydrogen sulfate ion NO3– NO2– nitrate ion nitrite ion MnO4– permanganate ion
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electrons; a decrease in oxidation state or a loss of oxygen by a molecule‚ atom‚ or ion. • OIL RIG (Oxidation is Loss‚ Reduction is Gain) - Rules for assigning the oxidation numbers of an atom. • • • • • • • • • • • The cation (+) is written first‚ followed by the anion (-). Eg. NaH (H is H-) HCl (H is H+) A free element is always 0. Eg. He‚ N2 A monatomic ions equals the charge of the ion. Eg. N3- is -3 Hydrogen is usually +1. Oxygen in compounds are usually -2. Group IA (first column) in a compound
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solutions were added together. You were supposed to observe the different reactions occurring. Once you observed each reaction take place‚ you needed to fill out your data table. Data Table: Solubility Rules Table | Negative Ion (Anions) | Positive Ions (Cations) | Solubility ofCompounds | All negative ions are with | Alkali ions (Na) | Soluble | All negative ions are with | Hydrogen (H+) | Soluble | All negative ions are with | All positive ions | Soluble | Nitrate NO3-
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While testing for anions‚ iodide and nitrate react with H2O2. Iodide formed separate layers and nitrate had no observable change. While testing for cations‚ lead and potassium reacted with H2S. Lead turned grey then a dark precipitate settled at the bottom. Potassium remains clear even after heating. Next‚ lead nitrate was added to potassium iodide. During the test for anions (again with H2O2)‚ the solution turned purple. This signifies the presence of iodine. During the test for cations (again with H2S)
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PURPOSE: To see which solutions are soluble and which are not. We were able to see this by mixing certain solutions together and observing changes that occurred. PROCEDURE: 1 Cotton Swabs‚ 1 Sheet each of white and black paper‚ 1 Distilled water‚ Goggles-Safety‚ 1 Well-Plate-24‚1 Well-Plate-96‚ Bag-CK1 1 Pipet‚ Empty Short Stem‚ Experiment Bag Ionic Reactions 1 Barium Nitrate‚ 0.1 M - 2 mL in Pipet‚ 1 Cobalt (II) Nitrate‚ 0.1 M - 2 mL in Pipet1 Copper (II) Nitrate‚ 0.1 M - 2 mL in Pipet‚ 1 Iron
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Learning Goal: To understand how the scientific method can be used to search for explanations of nature. The scientific method is a procedure used to search for explanations of nature. The scientific method consists of making observations‚ formulating hypotheses‚ designing and carrying out experiments‚ and repeating this cycle. Observations can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative observations are measurements consisting of both numbers and units‚ such as the observation that ice melts
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Hwa Chong Institution (High School) Secondary 4 End of Year Examinations Chemistry Revision Notes List of topics: 1. Atomic Structure 2. Separation Techniques 3. Chemical Bonds and Bonding (Ionic‚ Covalent) 4. Metals 5. Properties and structures of compounds 6. Qualitative Analysis 7. Acids‚ Bases and Salts 8. Chemical Periodicity 9. Chemical Calculations 10. Air and Environment 11. Electrochemistry (Including Redox reactions) 12. Thermochemistry 13. Rates of Reaction 14. Chemical
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be nitrogen dioxide. There also are acidic compounds such as HCl which is named hydrochloric acid. All acids contain H+ cation so when naming acids it not necessary to include this‚ instead only the anion is named or in other words‚ the ion with a negative charge‚ and the prefix hypo along with the suffix -ic or -ous (dependent on whether or not the acid contain an oxygen anion) This is also helpful in identifying which part of the acid is not hydrogen. This best seen in the compound HNO_3 which
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Chapter 14 Outline * 14.1 The Nature of Acid and Bases * Acid-Base Theories * Arrhenius- Acid is a hydrogen producer and a base is a hydroxide producer * Bronsted-Lowry- Acid is a proton donor and a base a proton acceptor * Lewis- An acid is an electron pair acceptor‚ and I base is an electron pair donor * Conjugate base & acids * Ka= [products]/[reactants] * Acid dissociation constant * 14.2 Acid Strength * In a strong
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AS Applied Science Luke O’Reilly Aim/background- Test soil from an area that previously had heavy industry on it to check for contaminants. Procedure- I will first visit a site that has previously has heavy industry located on it. Using protective clothing‚ goggles and gloves I will extract several samples of the soil from the site and then take several other samples from different points on the site. This ensures variety of soil to ensure that all the site is safe‚ not just a small area where you
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