Chapter 13- Personality 10-12 questions Definition of Personality Pg. 514 Big Qs • Origin/growth? • Definition/ core components? • Stability/ prediction? Theories • See summary table pg. 543 • Psychoanalytic Freud • Quote “You are what you were.” • Major Emphasis • Early childhood experience • Role of the unconscious and “scaffold of mind” • Ego- Rational component‚ mediating‚ ruled by reality principle • Id- Irrational component‚ impulsive‚ ruled by pleasure
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the ways in which we behave are basic. These basic behaviors‚ scientists believe‚ can determine less basic behaviors. For example‚ if a person tends to be boisterous and easily irritated‚ this may stem from a basic excitable personality trait. Cattell used factor analysis to reduce a large number of personality traits to just sixteen basic ones‚ which he felt could be used to describe most anyone’s personality. McCrae and Costa (1987‚ 1997‚ 1999‚ 2003) broke this down even further to establish
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results of years of factor-analysis research focused on discovering basic structural elements of personality (Cattell‚ R. B.‚ 1957‚ 1973). In addition‚ to discovering the sixteen normal-range personality traits for which the instrument is named‚ the researchers identified the five broad dimensions---variant of the “Big Five” factors (Cattell‚ R.B.‚ 1957‚ 1970). From the beginning‚ Cattell proposed a multi-level hierarchical structure of personality: the second-order global measures describe personality
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Cattell: Case Study 34 (pages 119-121) 1. What is a subsidiation chain? Explain the subsidiation chain involved if one considers Brian’s serving in Iraq as an attitude (according to Cattell’s definition). What would be some of the sems or sentiments that motivated those behaviors? What are some ergs that motivated Brian’s choice of profession? Explain. Cattell used subsidiation chains to explain how certain elemental traits within personalities are subordinate to others. This hierarchy among relationships
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The Nomothetic approach is an approach to personality assessment. The term comes from the Greek word "nomos" which means law. In an online dictionary homothetic is defined as "giving or establishing laws". Look for universal laws of behaviour. It is based on traditional‚ classical science. In psychology the nomothetic approach focuses on people in general‚ trying to find regularities or laws between people. The approach was proposed by a German philosopher Wilhelm Windelband in the 19th century.
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considered a major contribution to psychology‚ The Principles of Psychology was published in 1890‚ to both acclaim and condemnation‚ yet remains one of the most widely read books in the field. James Mckeen Cattell (1860-1944) A contemporary of William James‚ James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944) is credited with influencing the movement in
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Cattell was well known for his systematic approach to both defining and measuring various aspects of personality. One of his major contributions in studying personality was the Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)‚ which provide descriptions of the primary personality factor. He later turned this into the five second-order factors of personality. Factor analysis was another contribution‚ which utilized correlation to measure relationships between two sets of numbers‚ with zero being
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Before examining Eysencks approach to understanding personality‚ we need to define what personality is. Dictionary definition (1) Personality the sum of all the behavioral and mental characteristics by means of which an individual is recognised as being unique. What is meant by personality? It is the inner quality of a person‚ the sum of their life experiences‚ the way the environment affects a persons’ outlook and a conscious choice. Personality is not better or worse than any other person’s
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a role in test scores. James McKeen Cattell Biography (1860-1944) Birth and Death: * James McKeen Cattell was born May 25‚ 1860 in Easton‚ Pennsylvania. * He died January 20‚ 1944 Early Life: James McKeen Cattell was the oldest child born to a wealthy family in Pennsylvania. His father‚ William‚ was a Presbyterian minister who later became the president of Easton College. His uncle was Alexander Gilmore Cattell‚ a U.S. Senator for New Jersey. Cattell attended Lafayette College starting
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respectively. There is a nearly unlimited number of potential traits that could be used to describe personality. The statistical technique of factor analysis‚ however‚ has demonstrated that particular clusters of traits reliably correlate together. Hans Eysenck has suggested that personality is reducible to three major traits.[2][3] Other researchers argue that more factors are needed to adequately describe human personality including humor‚ wealth and beauty.[4] Many psychologists currently believe that
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