Philosophy 1301. 1002 Ayer‚ A.J. “Freedom and Necessity.” In the following paper I will talk about A.J. Ayer’s “Freedom and Necessity‚” and I will explain the dilemma of determinism and Ayer’s compatibilist solution to it. I will explain some of the examples Ayer uses to explain the difference between cause and being constrained‚ and how both affect one’s free will. I will also discuss on why Ayer’s compatibilism solution to the dilemma is the best solution so far. According to A.J. Ayer‚
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The Tools of Philosophy: Socrates- the concept of integrity/ being true to yourself Importance in maintaining a state of virtue Wont compromise his strength of character “To thy own self be true” Attracted young people (energy and enthusiasm) and inspired them to ask questions The Socratic Method- challenged norms (Ex: “The sky if blue”) Challenged people in order to make them more clear in their own thought processes Forced people to stretch their ideas further/put together a base of knowledge
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believed that determinism and freedom are compatible. Furthermore‚ there are also philosophers who are against determinism and believe in free will; we make choices from our own free will. The motive of this essay is to emphasis that “THERE ARE LIMITATIONS TO HOW MUCH WE HAVE FREEDOM‚ BUT‚ WE DO HAVE SOME FREEDOM OF CHOICES TO CHOOSE FROM”. This essay will focus on three different theories that relates to free will and determinism. These theories consist of hard determinism‚ soft determinism and indeterminism
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2.3 Study Questions 1. According to functionalism‚ a mental states are functional states meaning that the mind is what the brain does. 2. Lewis’ pained madman thought experiment describes a man that feels pain for different reasons than most. It attempts to undermine functionalism by showing how being in a certain functional state is not a necessary condition for being in a mental state. 3. The Block’s Chinese Nation thought experiment describes a situation in which the people in China function
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“God Knows the Ethical decisions we will make” Discuss [35] The question over the existence of free will has raged on over many years. Many feel that God‚ saw an omniscient being‚ must be aware of all that has happened and all that will happen. Supporters of the cosmological argument would suggest that everything has a cause and that god was the initial cause‚ “the unmoved mover” (Tomas Aquinus)‚ this would support the idea that humanity has no free will as everything is pre determined. This
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and which the ultimate sources of our actions are within our control. As such‚ we are held morally responsible. Determinism is the thesis that all events in the future are causally determined by previous events‚ in conjunction with the laws of nature. Compatibilism is the thesis that we can have free will in a deterministic world. However‚ if we are part of a world in which the causal chain of our actions extends back to before we were born‚ this erodes the notion that our actions are sufficiently
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‘Our freedom to make ethical choices is only an apparent freedom’ Determinism- implies that human beings have no free will and cannot be held morally responsible for their actions Accepting that we are not free- our behaviour is the product of forces over which we have no control. (USE EXAMPLE FROM JAMES RACHELS) Our capacity to experience emotions/ compassion does NOT depend on free will We will have reason for our actions‚ even if we lack free will. We would still have the same goals‚ but viewing
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Free Will and Determinism Tuesday‚ January 27‚ 2009 by tutor2u Admin There are three theories of free will and determinism that you will need to be aware of: Hard Determinism; In this theory we see that human behavior and actions are wholly determined by external factors‚ and therefore humans do not have genuine free will or ethical accountability. There are several different supporting views for this belief‚ which incorporates philosophical determinism‚ psychological determinism‚ theological determinism
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prevailing incompatibilist views concerning free will‚ hard Determinism or Libertarianism. The former asserts that if determinism is true‚ then free will is nonexistent and humans are essentially robots following a path determined for us from our past and natural laws. The latter denies that determinism is true and thus appears to introduce randomness as an explanation to account for free will. Compatibilists claim that free will and determinism can coexist. For the scope of this paper I will consider
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author goes on to discuss three possible positions. These include compatibilists‚ libertarians‚ and hard determinists. A compatibilist argues that free will is compatible with determinism. These individuals distinguish between external and internal causal factors to argue that inner psychological states are compatible with determinism because these internal states are determined by the agent. van Inwagen disagrees with this statement because he claims that it is difficult to specify which futures are open
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