260 JOURNAL ECONOMICSAND FINANCE 9 Volume28 9 Number 2 9 Summer 2004 OF THE CAUSAL RELATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT REVENUE AND SPENDING: EVIDENCE FROM EGYPT AND JORDAN By Bassam AbuAI-Foul and Hamid Baghestani* Abstract In investigating the causal relation between government revenue and spending‚ our empirical results support the tax-and-spend hypothesis for Egypt and the fiscal synchronization hypothesis for Jordan. Breaking away from these historical trends is essential for both countries to
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1% of these tumors are cancerous. (Surgeons‚ 1995) There are two main types of causation for this tumor; one‚ inherited and two‚ noninherited. Some noninherited causes are exposure to radiation‚ and having had previous hereditary exostoses. Hereditary Exostoses is a bone spur that is like Osteochondroma but is cancerous and the spurs can lead to permanent bone deformities. Although there are some known causations Osteochondroma has been known to occur sporadically as well. Because there is no one
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Commentary on Cronbach’s ‘The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology’ In this paper Lee Cronbach delivers his visionary presidential address to the American Psychological Association (APA)‚ calling for the unification of experimental and correlational psychology in which he argued that psychology continues to this day to be limited by the dedication of its investigators to one or the other method of inquiry rather than to scientific psychology as a whole. He discusses the two streams on branches
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Does chocolate make you clever? By Charlotte Pritchard BBC News Eating more chocolate improves a nation’s chances of producing Nobel Prize winners - or at least that’s what a recent study appears to suggest. But how much chocolate do Nobel laureates eat‚ and how could any such link be explained? The study’s author‚ Franz Messerli of Columbia University‚ started wondering about the power of chocolate after reading that cocoa was good for you. One paper suggested regular cocoa intake led to improved
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Laissez-faire leadership: The extent to which leaders avoid responsibility‚ fail to Make decisions‚ are absent when needed‚ or fail to follow up on requests. Questionnaire (MLQ) containing scales measuring the three dimensions of transformational leadership and four dimensions of transactional leadership‚ report evidence of transformational leadership effects on criterion variables as extra effort‚ job satisfaction‚ commitment‚ trust in leader‚ and organizational citizenship (Avolio & Bass‚ 1988;
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The case of Bradshaw v. Rawlings concerns events that occurred on April 13‚ 1975. The plaintiff‚ Donald Bradshaw‚ was seriously injured in an automobile accident. During this time‚ he was enrolled as a sophomore at Delaware Valley College and had been attending his class picnic. At the end of the picnic‚ he left as a passenger in Bruce Rawlings vehicle. Shortly after departure‚ Rawlings crashed his vehicle into a parked vehicle. Due to this collision‚ Bradshaw suffered serious injuries including
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The purpose of this essay is to evaluate two key approaches and explore the contributory factors proposed by established theories in determining the causation of crime. In order to achieve this‚ one psychological and sociological approach will be selected from the many available to enable providing an analysis to establish the fundamentals behind each concept in to explaining the reasons why criminal and deviant behaviours occurs The first concept to be evaluated is Robert K Merton’s (1938) Strain
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death that was occurring‚ and this is where physicians and surgeons stepped in. The fight between physicians and surgeons became more pronounced and serious‚ especially as plague outbreaks continued to occur periodically in different locations. The causation of the fight was over who was most experienced to deal with disease. With the shortage of experienced and qualified people‚ there were many second-rate physicians that had to fill the duties. A few techniques they used were Bloodletting and other
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“God Knows the Ethical decisions we will make” Discuss [35] The question over the existence of free will has raged on over many years. Many feel that God‚ saw an omniscient being‚ must be aware of all that has happened and all that will happen. Supporters of the cosmological argument would suggest that everything has a cause and that god was the initial cause‚ “the unmoved mover” (Tomas Aquinus)‚ this would support the idea that humanity has no free will as everything is pre determined. This
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Writing In AP US History U.S. History Essay Writing / Exam Information The AP U.S. History Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long and includes both a 100-minute multiple-choice / short-answer section (Part I) and a 95-minute free-response section (Part II). Each section is divided into two parts‚ as shown in the table below. Student performance on these four parts will be compiled and weighted to determine an AP Exam score. AP Scores are 5 – 1. Section Question Type Number of Questions Timing Percentage
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