roughly 64 square miles in the South Pacific Ocean. Scientists have discovered evidence that Râpa nui was first settled by polynésien fishermen. They had the disadvantage of living in one of the most fragile environment‚ at the highest risk of deforestation. Witch ment it wasn’t a very sastainable environment. The polynésiens came from the Asia tiwon aria and accsedently got to the island then they planed to settle. After that they planned migrations voiging the vast Pacific Ocean. The first settellers
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"Greening urban areas is not just about making places look nice. Evaluate the contribution of green areas in cities to meeting the goals of sustainable development" (40 marks) Sustainable development is most frequency defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Thus‚ sustainable development means finding a balance between the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment. Sustainable
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Later the Arabs built roads that were covered with tar. The roads were constructed by preparing earthworks and lifting road foundation at the center for the water drainage. The road construction techniques gradually improved by the study of road traffic‚ stone thickness‚ road alignment‚ and the slope gradients. The initial road construction materials were stones that were laid in a regular‚ compact design‚ and covered with smaller stones to produce a solid layer. Depending on the main function‚
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Urban retrofitting is the redesign of an existing site or structure in a city to be more environmentally sustainable. To reach sustainability goals in cities‚ making requirements for new buildings to be built will not be enough. The redesign of existing buildings could make a huge impact on the environmental footprint of urban areas. This editorial will discuss urban retrofitting and the views from city residents and city property owners and developers on the matter. Overview The issue that planners
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Urban Slums: Reason for Concern? The definition of a slum varies from one form to another depending on the background or country from which an individual comes from. Someone from a rich country may define slums as old run-down buildings‚ whereas someone from a poor country will define slums as un-serviced haphazard constructions. The universal definition of a slum as found in the dictionary is said to be a heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and filth. Slums are seen
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especially during the summer‚ it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter it‚ so people‚ plants‚ and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat. Causes:- Many things cause global warming. One thing that causes global warming is electrical pollution. Electricity causes pollution in many ways‚ some worse than others. In most cases‚ fossil fuels are burned to create electricity. Fossil fuels are made of dead plants and animals. Some examples of fossil
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URBAN DESIGN: ORNAMENT AND DECORATION i This Page Intentionally Left Blank URBAN DESIGN: ORNAMENT AND DECORATION Second Edition Cliff Moughtin‚Taner Oc and Steven Tiesdell OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Architectural Press An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House‚ Jordan Hill‚ Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue‚ Woburn‚ MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First
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EFFECTS OF URBAN CRIME ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Technical Paper by: Ms. Adit Padhi (aditipadhi@gmail.com) “Greater concern about terrorism places new opportunities before the design community. If protection is considered from the outset‚ design can make buildings and people safer.”1 Introduction Violent crime was the issue of the nineties‚ while terrorism has become the talk at the onset of 21st century. Understanding crime prevention design is therefore an invaluable tool in organization and
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occurs when the soil and hummus particles are removed from their location by wind and water (Wright & Boorse‚ 2014). This process causes the soil to erode and become ‘barren” and exposed to the elements (Wright & Boorse‚ 2014‚ p. 276). There are three major contributing factors to soil erosion: overgrazing‚ over cultivation‚ and deforestation. The purpose of this paper is to describe each of these contributors and discuss ways to correct them. The first process is overgrazing. This occurs
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The development of urban motorization in big cities has caused some negative effects to their population. Social issues and ecological issues are the main problems that occur in those cities. There are some reasons that lead to the motorization era in the cities. One of them is urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is the enlargement of city’s development that spread far away from the centre to the outskirt of that city. Urban sprawl is the result of the increasing urbanization. Although urban sprawl is the main
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