Chapter 2 IB Biology 2.1 Cell Theory 2.1.1 Outline the cell theory (2). • All organisms are composed of one or more cells • Cells are the smallest units of life • All cells come from preexisting cells • TOK: cell theory replaces the former ideas of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis in which inanimate matter assembles itself into living forms • Exception: muscle cells- more than 1 nucleus‚ very long; (fungal cells) hyphae roots- not a single unit; protoctista- not specialized to single
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1a. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that have fourteen various structures however the most common form is that of a homotetramer. The homotetramer is often found in the membrane and composed of four aquaporin membranes. The structural arrangement creates a fifth channel in the middle that allows for gas transportation. 1b. The direction of H2O molecular flow through a channel is determined by an osmotic gradient. 1c. One of the mechanisms that prevents proton channeling is due to the (ar/R) and
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Cell Unit Notes I. Life Processes - What makes something living? A. Biotic: Having life’s conditions Abiotic: Not having life’s conditions Homeostasis: The condition of maintaining a constant internal environment in living organisms. B. Characteristics of living Organisms (LIFE) 1. Nutrition - Food for energy and body (cell) repair and development 2. Transport - Move materials were needed in organism 3. Respiration - Able to generate energy for life processes
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researcher is conducting this experiment to find the optimum temperature and pH for starch on amylase. The experiment was carried out in one day. The researcher and a partner did the experiment based on a lab manuel from class. Data was collected from the experiment and to be displayed on graphs. Then the optimum pH and temperatures were to be calculated based on the findings. The hypothesis was disproved due to the optimum pH of 5 but the other findings supported the hypothesis of the optimal temperature
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Effects of hyperventilation on CO2 and pH levels Alidrin Armandico Physiology Lab 142 Egle Ortega Aprill 25‚ 2014 Abstract The aim of this experiment was to analyze how pH and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood change during hyperventilation and how the renal system compensates for this condition. Hyperventilation decreases CO2‚ increases pH‚ and lowers H+ levels which then results to respiratory alkalosis. In the experiment‚ we used the PhysioEx 8.0 software to simulate hyperventilation
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Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. The purpose of this experiment is to reveal how a form of diffusion in a semipermeable membrane works by creating a real life simulation of a semipermeable plasma membrane. This is done by building an imitation of a caterpillar’s digestive tract using dialysis tubing and glassware. The first material in this experiment is a small beaker representing the head and crop of the caterpillar. This beaker is filled with both starch and the enzyme α-amylase. This
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CAT - Measuring the pH of common household substances 1. Predict the pH value of substances & estimate the pH value by using the universal indicator. 2. Use the indicator to identify acidic‚ basic‚ and neutral substances found in any home 3. Classify household items as acids and bases 4. Collect organise and analyse results in tables and graphs (if necessary) 5. Analyse results and explain the reason the substances have the pH obtained. Aim – To use a universal
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tenets of cell theory? • Cells are the basic structural and physiological units of all living organisms. • Cells are both distinct entities and building blocks of more complex organisms. OR • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells‚ Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism‚ and Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells. OR • All cells come from preexisting cells. •
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Premature Rupture of Membranes Article Review As the article states‚ premature rupture of membranes occurs when the amniotic membranes surrounding the growing fetus rupture causing a loss of fluid before 37 weeks of gestation and before the onset of natural labor. PPROM‚ preterm premature rupture of membranes is seen often in women who smoke and use recreational drugs. If PPROM occurs before 26 weeks of gestation it is considered extreme and more often than not leads to more serious complications
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Biology- cell organelles assignment Animal cells: Introduction: An animal cell is called a eukaryotic cell; it has a cell membrane‚ cytoplasm and a nucleus. The cell surface is covered by a membrane only. The cell membrane is strong and keeps the cell together even though it is thin and flexible. The cell membrane also controls what goes in and out of the cell e.g. nutrients go in and waste comes out. The cytoplasm is inside the nucleus and it controls the cells activities. An animal is
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