Nature 1. Cell theory • 1590: Dutch grind glass lens (1st compound microscope) • 1665: Robert Hooke uses compound m. analysis thin cork slices as filled with air enclosed in boxes (cells) distinct • 1676: Dutch sees microorganism under microscope from pond water • 1824: French suggest all organisms composed of cells • 1827: Robert Brown (Brownian motion) discovered nucleus in plant cell • 1838: German produced evidence that all organisms made of cells • 1859: German state cells divide to
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stopped; each cell continued working‚ using up its ATP supply. Carbon dioxide levels inside the cells will rise and the pH will begin to drop‚ the mitochondria have no more oxygen and glucose to make ATP. The cells began to die. The cells become leaky‚ because the active transport pump shuts down. Sodium began leaking into the cells and potassium leaked out. The chemical gradients diminish‚ the heart convulsed in an uncontrolled spasm of arrhythmic electrical activity. The membrane functions that
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crossing the plasma membrane? Explain why. Large polar molecules and ions cannot cross plasma membranes easily‚ because the inner hydrophobic section of the membrane impedes the movement of these molecules. 2. What does the term concentration gradient mean? Concentration that exists between two different areas 3. A solution of 1M glucose is separated by a selectively permeable membrane from a solution
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The first lab will investigate the movement of glucose and starch across a selectively permeable membrane through a process of diffusion. The movement of a solute through this membrane is called dialysis . Diffusion is a form of passive transport. It is the movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to those of lower concentration‚ until there is an even concentration. This movement is random because it is a result of kinetic energy. Diffusion is a slow process‚ but there are many factors
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Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped‚ what cellular processes and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen‚ blood glucose‚ and waste removal? Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped‚ the mitochondria and aerobic processes will be affected. The mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell where ATP is produced. Oxygen and glucose are the main sources of energy for ATP. The muscle cells‚ liver cells and kidneys cells use ATP at a high rate to maintain homeostasis. The loss of
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Suggested answers to Practical Workbook for SBA Ch 1 Introducing biology Practical 1.1 Design an investigation of the effect of fresh pineapple on the setting of jelly Propose a hypothesis (p. 1-2) It is the fresh pineapple that causes the jelly to remain in liquid form. Design and perform an experiment (p. 1-2) 1 (Answer varies with Ss. The recommended quantity of jelly powder and water is stated on the packet of the jelly powder. Jelly will not set if it is too dilute.)
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affecting his cellular function. The cells in his heart struggled to work‚ the blood flow slowed down along with oxygen‚ glucose and ions that were required for the heart to pump‚ the cells received more carbon dioxide causing his pH level to drop. The cells had to work twice as hard and fast‚ using more energy and oxygen than normal‚ eventually beginning to cause the cells to die. Both intracellular organelles have membranes. The lack of ATP affects the plasma membrane and that special calcium ATPases
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Topic 2: Cells 2.1 Cell Theory 2.1.1: Outline cell theory Living organisms are composed of cells Cells are the smallest unit of life Cells come from pre-existing cells 2.1.2: Discuss the evidence for cell theory Humans have not been able to find any living thing that is not made up of at least one cell Robert Hooke first described cells when looking at cork through a microscope Louis Pasteur´s experiments: he discovered that all cells must come fom pre-existing cells 2.1.3: State that
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acids. Phospholipids receive and transmit signals across the cell membrane and act as a store room for energy. The main role of phospholipids is that they can form lipid bilayers. It is an amphipathic molecule. The head which is hydrophilic contains a group of phosphate‚ a diglyceride and a simple molecule e.g. choline. The tail is hydrophobic and is made up of fatty acids. Phospholipids receive and transmit signals across the cell membrane and act as a store room for energy. Fatty acids Fatty acids
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BEETROOT PIGMENTS - and membranes – These pigments are betalain pigments (not‚ as often thought‚ anthocyanins)‚ which they replace in some organisms. They are named after the Beet family of plants (Beta) but are also found in fungi (Fly Agaric - the red‚ spotted one!). In petals they presumably attract pollinating insects and may be present in seeds/fruits to encourage birds to eat them and so disperse the seeds. Man has selected for colour in beetroot‚ both because
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