During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication‚ or replication‚ take place? – interphase When a double helix of DNA is replicated‚ two complete helices are formed. Together‚ these helices are called sister __________. – chromatids During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell? – metaphase During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart? – Anaphase During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?
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effects of sugar‚ salt and distilled water on white blood cells and platelet cells suggest for further research that if salt have an impact on erythrocyte size changes‚ does it have the same relation with other cells such as cancer cells. For further research‚ the specific range of the osmolarity and hemolysis sudden drop should be investigated because 200 to 250 osmolarity is still a wide range of numbers. To understand the exact point of cell osmolarity function‚ that number should be looked more
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Brittani Wright 1. a) Define a cell. A cell is the basic unit of life b) What is a unicellular organism? An organism that consists of only one cell c) Can a cell be multicellular? No because a cell is the smallest unit of life‚ cells can however join together to start forming something else 2. a) What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? b) What is one significant similarity? Prokaryotic cells do not have a neucleus and Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus. One similarity
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Living systems: most complex chemical systems on Earth * Constrained by properties of chemistry and physics * Science is becoming more interdisciplinary (combining multiple fields) 7 characteristics of all living organisms 1. Composed of cells 2. Complex and ordered 3. Respond to their environment 4. Can grow‚ develop‚ and reproduce 5. Obtain and use energy 6. Maintain internal balance 7. Allow for evolutionary adaptation Living systems show hierarchical organization
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aquaporins in cell membranes from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to an area of low water concentration (high solute concentration). This process is called osmosis. It requires no cellular energy to be used‚ and occurs due to the random‚ continuous motion of all molecules. If a cell is placed in an environment in which the concentration of water is less than in the cell (hypertonic)‚ water will flow from the cytoplasm and/or water vacuole through the membrane into the
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The Biological Importance of Lipids Lipids are organic compounds found in all types of plant and animal cells. They always contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ however the relative amount of oxygen is less than the amount of carbohydrates in lipids. Lipids are polymers and the long chains of repeating units are joined together in a condensation reaction where water is also produced. The most common types of lipids are triglycerides‚ phospholipids and waxes. Triglycerides are formed by three fatty
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Cellular Membrane Abstract: Cell membranes play an important role in regulating what goes in and out of the cell. Diffusion‚ the process of movement of substances across the cell membrane from higher concentrations to areas of lower concentration‚ plays an active role in the transport and the regulation through cellular membrane. Sometimes‚ there are cases when cells are placed in hypotonic solutions and substances will diffuse through the cell membrane too much and will result the cell to hemolysis
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ONION EPIDERMIS INTRODUCTION An eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures (organelles) enclosed within membranes. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms. Their distinctive features include: A large central vacuole a water-filled volume enclosed by a membrane known as the tonoplast which maintains the cell’s turgor (provide structural support) and controls movement of molecules between the cytosol
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Osmosis Osmosis is just a special case of diffusion - where water diffuses through a membrane which has different concentrations on either side. Permeable means "allows anything to pass through". Membranes in cells allow small molecules (water) to pass through‚ but prevent bigger ones from passing. This is called "selectively permeable". Take a look at the following animation; If a selectively permeable membrane separates the two solutions‚ water moves through it in both directions at the same
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the cells of organisms spontaneously diffuses out of the cytoplasm in order to restore osmotic balance. This leaves cells dehydrated and thus‚ eventually causes cell death. In order to ameliorate this predicament‚ halophiles use one of two unique strategies that function to increase the osmolarity of the cell‚ both of which as illustrated in figure 4. One strategy employs the accumulation from the environment or synthesis of organic compounds called compatible solutes in the cytoplasm of cells. These
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