Formed by cells and molecules of the extracellular matrix o Connective tissue: characterized by the abundance of extracellular fluid o Organs can be divided by parenchyma (composed of cells for main function of organ) and stroma ( supporting tissue) o Except in brain and spinal cord stroma made of connective tissue o Epithelial tissue: covering‚ lining protecting surfaces ex: skin‚ absorption (intestines)‚ secretion (epithelial cells of glands)‚ contractility (myoepithelial cells) o Characteristic
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Chemotaxis‚ the guided movement of cells by chemical gradients created by chemoattractant proteins‚ such as chemokines and bacterial products produced at the site of inflammation‚ probably emerged early in eukaryotic evolution {Kay‚ 2008 #3289}. Neutrophils are highly mobile cells that readily undergo chemotaxis. Neutrophils can detect as low as 1/100th of a chemokine gradient. They polarize their migration towards bacterial peptides over a pool of other chemical gradients to reach sites of inflammation
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1. Cells structure and Organisation 1.1 Plant Cells and Animal Cells: Fig.1.0 Basic structures of an animal cell and a plant cell. 1. • • • Cell wall: Porous. Permeable. Non-living structure made of cellulose. 2. Cell membrane/Plasma membrane • Semi-permeable/Partially permeable(Only certain parts can pass through it and some aren’t able). 3. • • • Cytoplasm Contains cell organelles. Food substances. Mostly H2O. 4. Vacuole/Sap vacuole/Large central vacuole • Mostly H2O. 5. Nucleus •
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Element: Simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties. Atom: The smallest particles with unique chemical identities. Nucleus: Center of an atom (composed of protons and neutrons). Proton: Have a single positive charge (+1). Neutron: Have no charge. Electron: Tiny particles with a single negative charge and very low mass (-1)/determines chemical bonding properties of an atom. Atomic Number: Number of protons in the nucleus. Atomic Mass: Approximate number of protons and neutrons
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osmosis to occur naturally‚ a semi-permeable membrane is required as a medium. A visking tubing is a semi-permeable membrane‚ therefore it will be used to act as the ‘cell’ for the experiment. This is because the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane of an actual cell is selectively permeable‚ allowing diffusion‚ osmosis and active transport to occur. The content of the visking tubing (the sucrose solution) will be acting as the cytoplasm of the cell which contains minerals‚ water‚ protein etc
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REVISION NOTES FOR PRELIM BIOLOGY: [ A LOCAL ECOSYSTEM ] ~ Ecosystems: “any area that contains living organisms interacting with each other and their environment. In a balanced ecosystem‚ there is a flow of energy through it and recycling of some materials” Inputs and Outputs of Ecosystems include: - the energy flow through the ecosystem; energy from the sun flows one way through‚ with heat loss at each trophic level - the input and recycling of inorganic and organic material (matter) - the
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is high or low it will expand or reduce. Plant cells always have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When the take up water by osmosis they start to swell‚ but the cell wall stops them from bursting. When they are put in dilute solutions‚ plant cells turn out to be “turgid” (swollen and hard). When the pressure inside the cell increases; No more water can’t enter the cell because the internal pressure of the cell is really high. “When plant cells are placed in concentrated sugar solutions they
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Selectively Permeable - membranes that allow some things through‚ the cell membrane is selectively permeable‚ water and oxygen move freely across the cell’s membrane‚ by diffusion Osmosis - the diffusion of water (across a membrane) Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (and hence a lower concentration of water. A simple rule to remember is: salt sucks Salt is a solute‚ when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell‚ it will draw the water
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naked egg‚ a cell of a chicken‚ react to different environment in an extended period of time? How will it impact the egg as the cell membrane tries doing its job? Ⅱ. INTRODUCTION Everything is made up of at least one cell if it is living. Every cell has different parts to it. The part we will be focusing on is the cell membrane. The cell membrane functions as a barrier between the content of a cell and its environment. It is what decides what can go in and out of the cell. The cell membrane is usually
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processes and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen blood glucose and waste removal. If the heart is stopped waste removal is immediately affected as the bloods job is to flow through the body exchanging needed products with waste products. The lungs will immediately suffer to exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide. The blood cells of the body will become leaky and weak as a result the body will make unhealthy exchanges NA will rush into the cell and K out of the cells the pericardia
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