Public Transport Feasibility Study Tender Document July‚ 2008 Galway City Council Transportation Unit Public Transport Feasibility Study Study Brief Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Introduction Background Objectives Study Requirements Deliverables Available Information Study Administration Additional Tender Information Assessment of Tenders Freedom of Information Act Conditions of Appointment Data Protection Form of Contract Tender
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Definition In the context of humanitarian organisations transport is defined as: “The activities involved in moving supplies from point of origin to internal customers or beneficiaries”. The aim of transport is to physically move supplies in a reliable and safe manner‚ on time‚ cost effectively and efficiently to its destination. Policies The rapid growth of technology and the changes in the delivery of humanitarian aid has done little to change the fact that relief supplies still have
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Part 1 Part 1 of the experiment investigated the effect of different temperatures on beetroot cell membranes (a type of plant cell). Through this experiment‚ the process of diffusion and osmosis was in action. Various temperatures ranging from low temperatures to high temperatures such as -5⁰C‚ 5⁰C‚ 30⁰C‚ 50⁰C and 80⁰C were used to investigate the temperature effects on beetroot cell membranes. The hypothesis predicted that the higher the temperature the darker the beetroot substance and the lower
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observations are repressentative of cell division taking place in the oinon root tip. Firstly‚ this is because our numbers of the number of cells in each phase of mitosis are similar to the rest of the groups‚ so we can assume our results are most likely correct. We can also assume our calculations are right because we know that Interphase is the most active phase in the process of cell divison‚ which would agree with our calculations since we assume that approxiamtly 93% of cells are going though Interphase
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The Science of Transportation: Ancient World: The Wheel: • How do they work? Wheels work by rolling along a surface. The curved surface of the wheel reduces the friction between the two surfaces due to a decrease in surface area. With less friction it is much easier to move an object. This is because rolling friction is much weaker than sliding friction. • How did they come to be? The wheel was invented in prehistoric times; as the oldest example of a wheel yet found is from the region of
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Biological Membranes Lipid Membranes • Receptors‚ detecting the signals from outside: Light Odorant Taste Chemicals A Hormones Neurotransmitters Drugs • Channels‚ gates and pumps • Electric/chemical potential Neurophysiology Energy • Energy transduction: Photosynthesis Oxidative phosphorylation • • • • • • Structure Function Composition Physicochemical properties Self-assembly Molecular models highly selective permeability barrier Internal membranes for organelles Bilayer Permeability
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Membrane Processing MEMBRANEFILTRATION A membrane or‚ more properly‚ a semipermeable membrane‚ is a thin layer of material capable of separating substances when a driving force is applied across the membrane. Membrane filtration enables to separate particles with a diameter smaller than the pore diameter in the membrane from the liquid feed‚ by applying a driving force (pressure) over the membrane. The membrane technology consists principally of Microfiltration (MF)‚ Ultrafiltration
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Eukaryotic Cell Division Cells must continually grow and divide in order for an organism to grow‚ maintain its structure‚ and reproduce. Cell division involves the replication‚ or copying‚ of the complete set of hereditary information. It also involves the equal distribution of the genetic material in the resulting cells. The hereditary information of organisms is contained in large molecules called deoxyribonucleic acid‚ DNA. Objectives Upon completion of this laboratory
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Simple Diffusion Activity 1: Simulating Simple diffusion 1. What is the molecular weight of Na+? 22.99 2. What is the molecular weight of Cl-? 35.45 3. Which MWCO dialysis membranes allowed both of these ions through? 50‚ 100‚ and 200 4. Which materials diffused from the left beaker to the right beaker? NaCl‚ Urea‚ and Glucose at MWCO 200 5. Which did not? Why? Albumin‚ too large to diffuse Activity 2: Simulating Dialysis 1. What happens to the urea concentration in the left beaker
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Lab 2: Animal and Plant Cells Purpose: To examine the differences between single cell and multi cell organisms in terms of Animal and Plant cells. Question: What are the differences between multi and single celled plant and animal organisms? Prediction: Spirogyra Cell: The parts of the spirogyra cell that will be visible under the microscope will be; cell wall‚ cell membrane‚ nucleus‚ chloroplasts‚ vacuole and cytoplasm. Banana Cell: The parts of the banana cell that will be visible
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