attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each proteins unique structure and specific function. They play many critical roles in the cells. They can be grouped as enzymes‚ antibodies‚ messengers‚ structural components or transporters‚ according to their functions. These proteins are made through a process called protein synthesis. Some of the organelles involved in it are the ribosomes
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Cell Analogy A Nucleus is like the city hall. The Nucleus directs the activities of all organelles. The City hall controls all activity that occurs in the city. The mitochondria are like the power plants. The mitochondrion converts chemical energy into energy for the cell. The power plants provide energy to all parts of the city. The vacuole is like the land fill. The vacuole stores materials containing water‚ food‚ or waste. The land fill stores harmful waste products safely. The Golgi
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Animal and plant cells Part Function Nucleus Contains genetic material‚ which controls the activities of the cell Cytoplasm Most chemical processes take place here‚ controlled by enzymes Cell membrane Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell Mitochondria Most energy is released by respiration here Ribosomes Protein synthesis happens here Extra parts of plant cells Part Function Cell wall Strengthens the cell Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll‚ which absorbs light energy
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Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Instead of a cell wall‚ the plasma membrane (usually called cell membrane when discussing animal cells) is the outer boundary of animal cells. Animal tissues therefore require either external or internal support from some kind of skeleton. Frameworks of rigid cellulose fibrils thicken and strengthen the cell walls of higher plants. Plasmodesmata that connect the protoplasts of higher plant cells do not have a counterpart in the animal cell model. During telophase
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PLANT CELL Introduction Plant cell is the basic unit of structure and function in nearly all plants. The range of specialization and the character of association of plant cells are very wide. In the simplest plant forms a single cell constitutes a whole organism and carries out all the life functions. In just slightly more complex forms‚ cells are associated structurally‚ but each cell appears to carry out the fundamental life functions‚ although certain ones may be specialized
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hyphae into cells. The tip of the ascogenous hyphae elongate and bends into a hookmn which is called a CROZIER. The two nuclei at the tip in the crozier divide conjugately 9mitosis) as a result of which four nuclei are produced. This is done in such a way at which two nuclei are at the bend of the hook‚ one towards the tips and the other one near the septum to the mycelium. Then‚ new septa arev formed to divide the cells int three. The three cells are binucleate crook cell‚ uninucleate tip cell and a uninucleate
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Protein Synthesis Worksheet 1. 2. a. Protein synthesis began in the nucleus. b. Chromatin is a diffuse mass located in the nucleus where genetic material is found. c. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides‚ it is important because they form the template and these templates are used for synthesizing proteins. 3. a. Transcription is the first step of protein synthesis it uses a sequence of DNA nucleotides to produce a sequence of RNA nucleotide. b. RNA polymerase bonds to RNA nucleotides together
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(Wolfe‚ 2000a) Role of mRNA • Transcription begins within the nucleus of a cell when mRNA binds to a segment of DNA and produces a copy. • This mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. • Once in the cytoplasm‚ the mRNA is able to become a part of the process of translation. • Codons in single strands of mRNA join with anticodons of tRNA (transfer RNA) to
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3/21/2012 Cell Growth & Division Essay Kate Nogler Mr.Lapointe When a living thing grows‚ it produces more cells through a process called cell division. Cell division is necessary for any growing eukaryotic cell structure. Cells divide through a system called the cell cycle. It is a complicated and crucial part of anatomy! Before a cell divides‚ it must grow. However‚ a cell can’t grow forever. Once a cell gets too big‚ it divides itself into two daughter cells. A cell divides because
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week of Nov. 4th You may use the lab manual‚ pre-lab lectures‚ and credible internet resources‚ however you may not use your cell bio lab classmates as a resource. You will most likely see this material again on the Final and I highly encourage you to work individually and seek help from myself or your TA. Plagiarism will result in an automatic zero. 1. In the cell bio lab‚ we use company manufactured gels‚ however you can make you own polyacrylamide gels. List all of the ingredients found
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