sickle cell anaemia. Sickle Cell Anaemia is an example of co-dominance as both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of heterozygote. A substitution of the T in base CTC causes the new codon to become CAC. This one amino acid is changed on the beta globulin chain of haemoglobin causing glutanic acid to become valine acid. This causes abnormal haemoglobin molecules to be produced‚ producing red blood cells that are sickle shaped. These red blood cells cannot carry as much oxygen to cells for respiration
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fundamentals of science. Title An investigation of an onion cell using a light microscope. Aim: The aim of this investigation is to identify the cells within an onion skin using a light microscope. An onion cell is a plant cell which through the light microscope‚ it should outline the cell wall‚ cell membrane and the nucleus. Introduction: Plant cells have a cell wall and cell membrane which animal cells do not have. The cell wall provides support and is relatively rigid‚ which consists of
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The structural compartmentation of mammalian cells and the differing functions of these compartments. All mammals are eukaryotes and therefore have eukaryotic cells. These cells contain several organelles suited to a specific function they carry out within the cell. These eukaryotic cells contain a Nucleus‚ Mitochondria‚ Ribosomes‚ Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum‚ Golgi apparatus and various other organelles. Most of the organelles are separated from each other by a membrane‚ these membranes
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UNIT 1 BIOLOGY PROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS Without a defined nucleus. No nuclear envelope (the genetic material is not separated from the rest of the cell) Clearly differentiated nucleus with a nuclear envelope‚ which protects the genetic material. Without organelles (only ribosomes) Presence of membrane-bound organelles Smaller in size Types: plant and animal ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS Cell walls absent Cell walls made of cellulose Chloroplast never present Chloroplast
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The cell is the basic functioning unit of organisms in which chemical reactions take place. These reactions involve an energy release needed to support life and build structures. The cell consists of membrane bound organelles‚ which are responsible for the division of labour. There are two main classes of cells- Prokaryotes which are cells without a nucleus‚ where the DNA is spread around the cytoplasm of the cell‚ an example of a prokaryote is a bacterium (See Figure 1). The other class is the Eukaryotes
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Prokaryote Organelles: Nucleoid Region: The region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA. (The “nucleus” of a prokaryotic cell) The nucleoid instructs all the organelles on what to do. Ribosome: A cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus. (Make proteins from amino acids) The nucleoid controls the ribsomes and specifies
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functions of the main cell components of the body cell. The cell membrane : is something that lets some things in and some things out of the cell. It is an outer cover for the cell. If the cell membrane was non existences the cell would spill all over the place. Its function is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell‚ while keeping other substances out. It is composed of a thin‚ double-layered sheet of lipids‚ around the Cell and is a protective
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P1 [pic] Cell membrane - encloses the contents of the cell and regulates the flow of substances into and out of the cell. Mitochondrion - this feature produces a substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is the carrier of energy in all cells. Centriole - these two features made of hollow tubules play a key role in cell division. Ribosomes - these small‚ granular features of the cell play a key role in the assembly of proteins. Chromosome - During cell division‚ DNA‚ the
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Background Information: Cell Transport When molecules move from a high to low concentration it is called moving DOWN the concentration gradient. When molecules move from a low to high concentration it is called moving AGAINST the concentration gradient. When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system‚ the system is at EQUILIBRIUM. What kind of transport DOES NOT require energy? PASSIVE What kind of transport requires energy? ACTIVE Which CELL PART provides the energy for
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Progeria (Greek pro‚ "to‚ for" and geron‚ "old") is a genetic disease of childhood extremely rare‚ characterized by an abrupt and premature aging in children between their first and second year of life. It is estimated to affect one in 8 million live births. Not shown preference for any particular gender‚ but many more have been reported white patients (97% of affected patients). Progeria can affect different organs and tissues: bone‚ muscle‚ skin‚ subcutaneous tissue and vessels. The most severe
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