This experiment is concerned with identifying photosynthetic pigments found in spinach plants and determining the spectrum of light each absorbs. By using paper chromatography‚ different pigments of spinach leaves can be separated. The knowledge gained in this experiment is relevant to understanding how the process of photosynthesis works. A Real-world application for this includes the harvesting of clean energy sources‚ as scientific advances have led the way to artificial photosynthesis on the
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he Krebs Cycle also expressed as: CH3C(=O)C(=O)O− (pyruvate) + HSCoA + NAD+ → CH3C(=O)SCoA (acetyl-CoA) + NADH + CO2 is the main pathway in all aerobic organisms. Basically it’s the way that cells produce energy for itself‚ but the only issue is it requires the presence of oxygen. In total eight reactions that take place in the mitochondria‚ and these reactions result in two carbon molecules and oxidizes it into carbon dioxide. Step 1 Citrate synthase bridges to Oxaloacetate substrates which can
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As mentioned before‚ browning in bananas is an enzymatic process where enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase serve as catalysts in the oxidation of several phenolic compounds. In this experiment however‚ the only reaction being tested is the oxidation of catechol (a diphenol) by the enzyme catalyst catechol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase‚ which initiates a chain of reactions and eventually triggers the formation of brown pigments known as catechol-melanins. Catechol‚ also called 1‚2-dihydroxybenzene
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SURFIN’ THROUGH STAAR Session 2: Cellular Processes Background Information: Cell Transport When molecules move from a high to low concentration it is called moving DOWN the concentration gradient. When molecules move from a low to high concentration it is called moving AGAINST the concentration gradient. When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system‚ the system is at EQUILIBRIUM. What kind of transport DOES NOT require energy? PASSIVE What kind of transport requires
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Respiration is a process which releases energy from energy-rich molecules such as glucose. The glucose is converted into energy which is usable for life processes. Burning‚ or combustion‚ is a reaction between a substance and a gas to release energy. These two reactions have many similarities but are not the same. This essay will identify some of similarities and differences between the two processes. The first similarity is that both respiration and burning use oxidation to release energy. In respiration
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increased consumption of oxygen and nutrients by muscle cells requires more blood supply. The functions of blood include delivering oxygen‚ removing CO2‚ removing heat and delivering nutrients and water. Therefore‚ blood flow is important in cellular respiration‚ which is the process where ATP is produced through the conversion of metabolites‚ also involving the consumption of oxygen and release of CO2 as a waste product. ATP is vital to skeletal muscle contraction‚ since the power stroke is facilitated
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Respiration: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy 1. A cell must work just to maintain its complex structure‚ for order is intrinsically unstable. Because of entropy (the second law of thermodynamics)‚ which states that any enclosed system tends toward disorganization‚ cells must constantly use energy to keep themselves in order. If the cell was to stop using energy and let itself go then it would eventually get so disorganized that it wouldn’t function properly. 2. With the help of enzymes‚ the
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discovered all the time‚ yet all living organisms perform one or both of two very important processes; cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is performed by plant organisms and some bacteria‚ and cellular respiration is performed by all living organisms. These two processes are reliant on each other. Photosynthesis creates oxygen‚ which is used in cellular respiration. Cellular respiration in turn creates carbon dioxide‚ which is an important “ingredient” in the process of photosynthesis
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Colleen Hamilton AP Lab 4: Determining the Rate of Cellular Respiration of Peas at Varying Temperatures and Stages of Germination I. Purpose and Intro The purpose of this lab is to determine the rate at which germinating peas respirate at varying temperatures and stages of germination. Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that takes place in an organism’s cells in order to create ATP from sugar. It occurs in the mitochondria and comprises three stages: glycolysis
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Cellular Respiration I/ Introduction - Cellular respiration is the cellular process whereby carbon-containing compounds are broken down through the series of reactions that result in the gradual release of energy. - Cellular respiration consumes oxygen (O2) and produces (CO2). Because oxygen is required so cellular respiration is aerobic. - Include metabolic pathways: glycolysis‚ transition reaction‚ the Krebs cycle‚ electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation. - Overall reaction:
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