Bromide desizing * Chloride desizing * Ammonium per sulphatedesizing The most commonly used methods for cotton are enzymatic desizing and oxidative desizing. Acid steeping is a risky process and may result in the degradation of cotton cellulose while rot steeping‚ hot caustic soda treatment and hot washing with detergents are less efficient for the removal of the starch sizes. * Enzymatic desizing : Enzymes are solubilizing bio catalysts‚ mainly proteins‚ thermo labile (readily
Free Enzyme Starch Amylase
transporting nutrients is a vital function for all multicellular organisms and different species have evolved some interesting ways of gaining‚ storing and digesting their nutrients. Hindgut fermenters Amongst herbivores‚ for example‚ almost all have cellulose digesting bacteria within their gut that live symbiotically‚ assisting with the break down of vegetation. Some are classified as “hindgut fermenters”‚ which have microbes and fermentation in their hindgut‚ the caecum and proximal colon. These animals
Free Digestion
fuels. Bioethanol Fuel 3 Ethanol can be produced from biomass by the hydrolysis and sugar Fermentation processes. Biomass wastes contain a complex mixture of carbohydrates polymers from the plant cell walks known as cellulose‚ hemi cellulose and legin. In order to produce sugars from the biomass is pre-treated with acids or enzymes in order to reduce the size of the feedstock and to open up the plant structures. However‚ the hypothesis was that gasoline will have
Premium Petroleum Biofuel Poaceae
HISTORY OF TEXTILE No one knows exact beginning of spinning and weaving of textiles. However‚ it is thought that weaving originated earlier than spinning. Primitive people may have observed the interlaced grass and twigs in the nests of birds or they have seen rushes naturally interlacing as they grew and discovered formation of cloth‚ baskets‚ nets and huts etc. Spinning developed later when people may have thought to improve raw material. People started to use fibers found in nature and hand
Premium Cotton Fiber Weaving
main component of vinegar (apart from water; vinegar is roughly 8% acetic acid by volume)‚ and has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell. Besides its production as household vinegar‚ it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinylacetate and cellulose acetate. Although it is classified as a weak acid‚ concentrated acetic acid is corrosive‚ and attacks the skin with the chemical formula CH3CO2H (also written as CH3COOH or C2H4O2). It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial
Free Acetic acid
RHODOPHYTA (RED ALGAE) RHODOPYTA (RED ALGAE) Red algae have been the 1st eukaryotes formed by endosymbiosis involving photosynthetic prokaryotes. Red algae are mostly multicellular It exhibit some of the most complex life cycles It posses cellulose walls‚ chlorophyll a‚ some posses chlorophyll d (chloroplast is present but lacks grana) Contains phycoerythrin‚ phycocyanin and allophycocyanin as accessory pigments. flagella is absent in red algae as well as centrioles 5‚000 species(approximate
Premium Plant Algae Photosynthesis
until almost two hundred years later that the process of osmosis was revisited and extensively reviewed by researchers from the University of California at Los Angeles. In 1959‚ Sidney Loeb and Srinivasa Sourirajan developed a membrane made from cellulose acetate‚ which removed at least ninety percent of salts from the water‚ but not at the expense of speed and efficiency. Their design was later refined by John Cadotte in a way that improved both flow rates and salt rejection. The membrane Cadotte
Premium Water Water supply Water resources
Global Air Filter Cartridges Market 2014-20180280035An air filter cartridge is a piece of equipment used for filtering unwanted particles from the air. Air filter cartridges are mainly classified into blended cellulose‚ melt-blown media‚ nanofiber media‚ and others. The main application of an air filter cartridge is to collect dust. Air filter cartridges are used across the Industrial‚ Residential‚ and Commercial sectors. The need to create a healthy working environment across production facilities
Premium Dow Jones Industrial Average Filters Market trends
The Molecules of Cells (Chapter 3 in your textbook) Without water and carbon-based molecules‚ no life as we know it! Carbon: The Backbone of Life • Living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based compounds Also‚ H‚ N‚ O‚ P‚ and S…… • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. Why? Principal source of carbon on Earth? • Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon. C21H36N7O16P3S Coenzyme
Free Protein DNA Amino acid
TOPIC 1- INTRO TO CELL BIOLOGY Cell Theory: 1) all organisms consist of one or more cells 2) the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms (Theodor Schwann) 3) all cells arise only from pre-existing cells (i.e cell= basic unit of reproduction) (Rudolf Virchow) Cells have enormous diversity (function and size)‚ but have unity (similar basic chemistry i.e DNA‚ ATP‚ metabolism‚ etc.) ** units: 1µm= 10-6m‚ 1nm= 10-9 m (typical prokaryote is 1-5µm‚ typical eukaryote is 10-30 µm)
Premium Cell membrane Protein Signal transduction