main component of vinegar (apart from water; vinegar is roughly 8% acetic acid by volume)‚ and has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell. Besides its production as household vinegar‚ it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinylacetate and cellulose acetate. Although it is classified as a weak acid‚ concentrated acetic acid is
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Process (sequence of the reaction) The less of oxygen makes oxygen enrichment at the top as well as anaerobic condition at the bottom (O2 gradient). Clostridium and other anaerobic bacteria dominate under anaerobic conditions at the bottom. Cellulose from the paper into glucose and that would be a trigger for the bacteria (Clostridium) to take in the glucose and partially break it down by fermentation to gain energy and to produce ethanol and organic acids as by-products. The by-products from
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ZOOL 1 Lecture 3 1 2 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Chemical substances that cannot be broken down to simpler forms by ordinary chemical reactions Atom Atomic number Atomic mass Compound Molecule Macromolecule 3 ¡ ¡ ¡ ELEMENT Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur
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separation‚ and to determine whether a substance purified by recrystallization. (2) The most common stationary phases or adsorbents using in TLC are silica gel‚ alumina‚ and cellulose. For each‚ (a) draw its chemical structure and (b) label it as polar or non-polar. Silica gel - polar alumina - polar cellulose - non-polar (3) Why do “do-it-yourself” TLC plates give inconsistent results? Due to variations in the thickness of the absorbent layer. (4) What concentration of compound(s)
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the addition of water. Polysaccharides : They are insoluble in water‚ tasteless‚ do not crystallize and a non-reducing agent. Common polysaccharides are starch‚ glycogen and cellulose. Starch is found in wheat‚ rice‚ potatoes. Glycogen is excess starch that is stored in the liver and mucle cells. Cellulose makes up cell wall of a plant cell. Lipid : Contain Carbon‚ Hydrogen and Oxygen 2 common lipids are Triglyceride and Lipoids Triglyceride It is made up of 3 molecules of
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shells‚ rice husk‚ rice bran‚ wheat bran‚ sugar cane bagasse‚ waste paper‚ etc. Bioethanol from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is another concept being tested. The cellulose content in MSW is mainly from paper wastes such as office paper‚ coated paper‚ newsprint and corrugated boxes. Food waste contains a variable amount of cellulose‚ accounting for around 50 per cent of the residue on average. Tomato and grape processing residues can be harnessed for ethanol production. Objectives of the study
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1-1 EXPERIMENT 1 ISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA In this experiment you will isolate caffeine from tea leaves and prepare the salicylate derivative. Introduction This experiment illustrates the isolation of a naturally occurring product from plant material -- caffeine from tea leaves. The experiment will provide experience in handling relatively small amounts of material and at the same time you will be exposed to several techniques and procedures which are fundamental for survival in an organic
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be given credit for partially correct calculations. 8) Write notes on substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation‚ giving suitable examples. 9) Write notes on the relationship between the structure‚ properties and functions of glycogen and cellulose. 10) Write notes on the 3 main types of column chromatography (not HPLC)‚ explaining their mode of action and principal uses. 11) Write notes on TWO of the following chromatographic techniques: Thin layer chromatography‚ gel (size exclusion)
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9. Summary and Conclusion ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ 9.1 Herbal drugs are economical and their sources are plenty in India. As many synthetic show adverse effects. Attention of the healthcare practioners is directed towards herbal formulations to treat diseases with safety‚ effectiveness and stability. Majority of Indian population have the access to practice traditional or herbal medicines. Acacia catechu Willd. (family: Fabaceae) known as Black Cutch is used in traditional medical system for various diseases
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MALACAÑANG Manila PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1185 FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES WHEREAS‚ death and injury to persons and loss and damage to property by fire have reached alarming proportion that the economic and social gains of the society are being continually undermined; WHEREAS‚ in order to effect a meaningful reduction of the alarming fire losses‚ there is a need to develop national consciousness and involvement of all persons in the prevention and suppression of fires; WHEREAS‚ fire prevention
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