Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Animal System Introduction This essay focuses on the digestive system of ruminant animals like cattle‚ sheep‚ and goats. Ruminant animals are hoofed mammals that have a digestive system which enables them to utilize energy from fibrous plant material better than other herbivores. Unlike monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry‚ the digestive system or ruminants is designed to ferment feedstuffs and provide precursors for energy for the animal to use. Ruminant
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Paper as food packaging material Paper is a quite versatile material‚ utilized in flexible‚ semi-rigid‚ and rigid packaging. It is made into a wide variety of single- and multi-wall bags. It can also be made into a thicker stronger structure which is made into cartons and boxes that provide mechanical protection for many foods. The paperboard can be converted to an even stronger material called corrugated paperboard that is converted into boxes used for logistics. Most types of paper provide a partial
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relatively immobile‚ the rumen contracts about two times each minute‚ mixing its contents and ensuring that all food encounters the digestive microbes. Rumen fermentation is the process by which the microbes living in the cow ’s rumen break down the cellulose‚ or fibre‚
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Compare and contrast the Five kingdom and three domain classification system Classification is the method used by scientists to order living organisms. All species have a unique classification that results in a binomial name. classification is used to make it easier for different species to be identified by scientists. The current system‚ the Three Domain System ‚ groups organisms primarily based on differences in ribosomal RNA structure. Ribosomal RNA is a molecular building block for ribosomes
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1. Defects of Timber A defect is an irregularity or abnormality occurring in or on wood which is responsible for its Strength reduction; Lowering of durability; Lowering of utility; Poor appearance; and‚ Decay Classification of Defects: a. Caused due to natural forces b. Caused due to insects c. Caused due to fungi d. Caused due to conversion e. Caused due to seasoning a) Defects due to natural forces: Chemical stain - the wood is sometimes discolored by the chemical action caused with it by some
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Starch Storage in plants Amylose straightchains of glucose unit Amylopectin branches out nota single chain glycogen in animals Fiber Amylopectin h a s more exposure to the amylase Fiber fermentation? Happens in large intestine Ie :Cellulose hemicellulose foundin plants stalks
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Purple ring at the interface of two layers for all carbohydrates. BENEDICT’S TEST CARBOHYDRATES - Starch Glucose - Starch is a polymer of D-glucose units bound by glycosidic linkages. Cellulose Glucose - Breakage of the β-1‚4-glycosidic bonds by acids leads to the hydrolysis of cellulose polymers‚ resulting in the sugar molecule glucose or oligosaccharides. - Intramolecular reaction: C = O group and one of the –OH groups Test for carbohydrates; time for the formation of
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as reserve polymers. These species are ideal candidates for the production of bioethanol as carbohydrates from algae can be extracted to produce fermentable sugars. In addition‚ microalgae-based carbohydrates are mainly in the form of starch and cellulose (with the absence of lignin)‚ are thus much easier to convert to monosaccharides when compared with lignocellulosic materials (Harun et al.‚ 2010; Ho et al.‚ 2012; John et al.‚ 2011). Many researchers have reported that the genus of Chlorella possess
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Micro-organisms Micro-organisms Micro-organisms (or microbes) are literally microscopic organisms‚ which can only be seen properly with the aid of a microscope. These include bacteria‚ microscopic fungi (moulds) and protoctists. Although viruses‚ which are even smaller than bacteria‚ are generally considered to be non- living entities‚ they might also be included here as they are important disease-causing agents. Micro-organisms are the most numerous organisms in any ecosystem. There are about 159
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ABSTRACT The study aims to produce biodegradable plastic using cassava starch as its main component. Cassava starch was mixed with water‚ epoxydized soya bean oil (ESBO)‚ glycerol‚ and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The mixture was then compressed and tested. Three preparations were made from the mixture. The first preparation contained 50 grams starch‚ 50 grams water‚ 50 grams PVA‚ 2.5 grams ESBO‚ and 2.5 grams glycerol. The second preparation contained 65 grams starch‚ 65 grams water‚ 50 grams PVA‚ 2
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