Administration" published in 1916‚ gave following 14 principles of management :- Division of Work‚ Discipline‚ Authority and responsibility‚ Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest‚ Remuneration‚ Centralisation‚ Order‚ Equity‚ Initiative‚ Esprit De Corps‚ Stability of Tenure‚ Unity of Direction‚ Scalar Chain‚ and Unity of Command. Henri Fayol also classified (divided) the business activities into :- Technical
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The role of Indian civil society: ensuring State accountability The roots of an Indian autonomous civil society is not to be found in the contemporary rise of a modern state but foremost in the ancient and medieval history of the country. Cast “panchayats”‚ village “panchayats”‚ or traders guilds all illustrates forms of local institutions that had long been untouched by the vicissitudes of the political spheres and remained autonomous from state control. Indian society had been characterised in
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spatial transformation and patterns of urban renewal in the city of Johannesburg The political change set off spatial transformation and patterns of urban renewal in the city that are both celebrated and contested by the people. Cities are seats of power and arenas of contro: they are where major economic‚ social‚ and political activity takes place and also sites of international competition takes place. Thus it is no surprise that significant political changes that took place in 1994‚ when South
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External And Internal Factors. Both external and internal issues influence how the company decides to operate. The external issues will‚ of course remain the same for all the players in the market. With regard to Marks & Spencer‚ we can categorise them as follows: External Internal -Fast changing market and tough trading conditions -Poor management - failure to recognize and react to changing market trends -Consumers’ change of taste -Decentralised marketing function: inconsistent brand image
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CHAPTER ONE REVENUE MOBILIZATION IN DISTRICT ASSEMBLIES CASE STUDY: AKUAPEM NORTH DISTRICT ASSEMBLY 1.0 INTRODUCTION The study is on the revenue mobilization of District Assemblies in Ghana‚ with a case study of Akuapem North District Assembly. This study seeks to know the effectiveness and challenges being faced in the mobilization of these revenues and its impact on the development of the entire districts. District Assemblies were established in the PNDC era in 1988 as local governing institutions
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Canon thirteen was constructed and written in the fourth Lateran Council in 1215‚ in which there were three sessions on the eleventh‚ twentieth and thirtieth of November. Pope Innocent III preached to over four hundred Bishops and eight hundred abbots‚ deans and others in this event . Canon thirteen can be suggested to have been proposed by Pope Innocent III and approved by the council‚ thus higher individuals in the church could arguably had responsibility for the manufacture of canon thirteen.
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represent themselves Groups can be an important and valuable source of specialist information for an overloaded legislature and civil service Many groups play an important role in implementing changes to public policy Pressure groups encourage a decentralisation of power within the political system. They act as a check and balance to the power of executive government. Several laws have been made ‚ several ministers and beaureacrats who were corrupt‚ were asked to go because of the pressure groups. Several
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Abstract: Mizoram is one of the most urbanized states in India. The higher rate of urbanization brings about a challenging task to the service delivery agencies. Sanitation effort has started under the Mizo District Council (MDC) and activities were gradually intensified with the Union Territory and State Government and now ultimately driven by the urban local body‚ i.e. Aizawl Municipal Corporation backed by the 74th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA). Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Aizawl‚ since
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need to manage its human resources effectively and efficiently. (Suter‚ Je & Marchington‚M.2012). There are two main arguments about managing human resources in most organisations‚ which are either to be centralised or decentralised. Centralisation is described as the location of decision-making power (Barrile & Cameron‚ 2010 pp264). A centralised organisation will reserve decision-making power in the
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dealing with the complexities of government forced the party into becoming more centralised. The party decided to have a General Secretary to organise matters. Who do you think got this job??? Consequences: This position and the growing centralisation of the party put Stalin in a unique position to influence job appointments. Factor 3: The growth in Party membership. By 1933 there were 3 and a half million members. Many members were young‚ inexperienced and uneducated Consequences:
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