INTRODUCTION Most developing country’s governments and multilateral institutions are increasingly concerned by the slow progress being made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and have identified new ways of strengthening the development focus of their policies and programmes. For this reason‚ decentralisation is receiving increasing international attention as a potential tool in the acceleration of development. Though decentralisation would not be implemented solely for the direct
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Chaebol The “Chaebol” is native to Korea and is a unique form of a family-owned business conglomerate. The Chaebol has a centralised ownership structure where founding family members controls the business‚ where the chairman has power over all operations. Member firms are called Kyeyol and falls under the control of the central planning office‚ which is controlled by the chairman. Cross-equity holding by family members and complex systems of interlocking ownership of member firms enables control
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Working Capital Management rbs.com/insight Executive Summary In November 2011‚ RBS and Greenwich Associates launched a new study on working capital management among large companies around the world. In conducting the research‚ the firms interviewed 50 companies in Asia (excluding Japan)‚ Europe and North America. The results of this research reveal that past efforts to build efficiencies in working capital management have been incorporated into post-crisis strategies centred on ensuring
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing UKOLN: Supporting The Cultural Heritage Sector What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet based development and services. The cloud is a metaphor for the Internet. A number of characteristics define cloud data‚ applications services and infrastructure: 1 Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on someone else’s infrastructure. 2 Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere. 3 Commodified: The result
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Critical legal studies is both a criticism and continuation of American realism. Dicuss propostion critically: Is critical legal studies a continuation of American realism: * Even though CLS has through its own proponents gathered its own intellectual traditions‚ they owe alot to the realists for their existence. As a student in an article wrote‚ there is a close relationship between CLS and realists‚ especially seeing as CLS adopted to main ideas from the realists: a. A critical approach
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Some management and organisational theories you could possibly use in a dissertation (and in practise). There are a number of theories and a mass of contradictory information about how firms should improve investment in funds‚ improve quality of the product or the organisation‚ improve its marketing‚ how to align the quality system with strategic objectives set‚ how to motivate workers and managers. Successful firms deal with it from the contingency perspective: choosing the approach that makes
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MANAGEMENT REVISION NOTES. Organisational levels Top managersresponsible for making organisation wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organisation First line managers the lowest level of management‚ and manage the work of non-managerial employees Middle managers all levels of management between the first line level/top level of the organisation The changing face of organisations and management Stable Dynamic Inflexible - Few or slow changes - Local
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Indian Railways is one of the largest systems in the world. It is also one of the very few railway systems in the world generating operating surpluses. With a modest beginning in India on April 16‚ 1853‚ when the first wheels rolled on rails from Bombay to Thane‚ the Indian Railways has emerged today as the main vehicle for socio-economic development of the country. Rail transportation has a number of favourable characteristics as compared to road transportation. It is six times more energy-efficient
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e.g. referring to employment 31 Kharas (2010) provides an overview of qualitative aspects‚ including educational opportunities‚ housing‚ healthcare‚ employment security and discretionary income. Economic criteria include for example household’s purchasing power (McKinsey Global Institute defines the range of PP of
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Background After building a successful global operation including stores in Russia and China‚ Metro Cash & Carry (MCC) are struggling to transplant their business model in India. This demonstrates the importance of local political backing in emerging markets and how a successful model (e.g. a political welcome and direct supply from farm to store) wasn’t followed. Despite sales growth‚ expansion in India has been disappointing predominantly because of restrictions in buying directly from farmers
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