aThe decentralization of retailing and other services has had a major impact on urban areas.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? – Consequently the decentralization of retailing and other services are having or have had major impacts on the urban areas whether they are negative or positive because it is taking consumers out of their local town and spending their disposable income elsewhere‚ this is bound to have effect on urban areas. In the 1970s the shopping patterns began to
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Since the birth of the United States‚ the issue over how strong the national government should be has always been a controversial one. While some believe that decentralization will inevitably lead to chaos‚ others contend that a powerful central government will inevitably become a tyranny. Although the United States would wholeheartedly embrace the idea of a loose alliance of independent states at first‚ the many glaring problems that the nation faced under the Articles of Confederation would quickly
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After the American Revolution was won and the Treaty of Paris formally recognized the United States of America as a country‚ there was still much to do . Major parts of the country were in shambles‚ and there was a strong need for a central government. At the time‚ many states drafted their own state governments‚ but soon realized that a national government was needed‚ so delegates went to the Second Continental Congress to draft the Articles of Confederation. Though it provided a legislative branch
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Centralization and Decentralization Introduction Considerable debate has taken place over the years over the issue of ‘centralization’ that means that the authority for most decisions is concentrated at the top of the managerial hierarchy versus ‘decentralization’ that requires such authority to be dispersed by extension and delegation throughout all levels of management. There are advantages as well as disadvantages of both types of structures. A pure form of centralization is not practical
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the organization of the schools. There are two different sides to the debate. The Liberal side is for the decentralization of the schools. What this means is that communities and school officials themselves are the ones who should have the responsibility of making decisions when it comes to the schools. The other side of the debate is the Conservative side. They are for the centralization of the schools. This means that it is up to the state to make decisions when it comes to the schools. However
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3.8CENTRALIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION Centralization Centralization is concentrating the power and authority near the top or in the head of an organization.Centralization also means as decision authority is located near the top of the organization. Decentralization Decentralization is dispersing the power and decision making to successively lower levels of the organization.Subordinates have the authority to make decisions through decentralization.The subordinates have the authority to
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Mechanistic versus Organic Structures a. Mechanistic Structure is appropriate for organizations focusing on a cost- minimization strategy through tight control‚ extensive division of labor‚ high formalization and centralization. The information network is limited and employees rarely participate in decision making process. b. Organic Structure is decentralized and has low complexity and formalization. It has an extensive information system‚ and employees rarely participate in decision
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Centralization Versus Decentralization By Annick M. Brennen The concepts of centralization and decentralization are important ones to consider as they ultimately affect the effectiveness of schools in educating the children of a nation. Centralization refers to the condition whereby the administrative authority for education is vested‚ not in the local community‚ but in a central body. This central body has complete power over all resources: money‚ information‚ people‚ technology. It decides the
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1. "More centralization and decentralization are not advisable" - Do you agree or disagree? Justify. Suggest when and where these two concepts effectively applied in corporate I AGREE WITH THE STATEMENT. Centralization and Decentralization Centralization is said to be a process where the concentration of decision making is in a few hands. All the important decision and actions at the lower level‚ all subjects and actions at the lower level are subject to the approval of top management
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Introduction This aim of this report is to adopt managerial process to analysis and also find a solution to solve the problem that Julie is facing at the moment in the Malard Manufacturing Company. Malard Manufacturing Company is a big company and produces control valves that regulate flows through natural gas pipelines. It is one of competitive companies and has successfully produced a standard line of control valves in the industry.However‚ there is a problems when the new products is in process
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