‘The decentralisation of retailing and other services has had a major impact on urban Areas.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? Decentralisation of retailing is the move away from retailing within the city centre to out of town retailing centres. Decentralisation of retailing such as the Trafford centre in Manchester has undoubtedly contributed to urban decline. Central Business Districts are currently facing huge impacts as sub-urbanisation and counter-urbanisation needs leads to
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Decentralization The Benefits of Decentralization In a democracy‚ opposition political parties and the party in power have the duty and obligation to educate and inform its citizens the basic principles of democracy. Unfortunately‚ this has not been the case with political parties in our country. The Citizens Democratic Party would like to end this retrogressive culture and usher in a culture that will build citizens knowledge‚ skills and ability to participate‚ to advocate and to
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CENTRALISATION AND DECENTRALISATION INTRODUCTION Centralisation and decentralisation are very important concepts of prganisation. They explain the manner in which the decision making authority’ is distributed or delegated among various levels of the organization. The concept of centralisation and decentralisation deals with the distribution of overall organizational authority. Centralization is that condition where in much of decision making authority is retained at the top of management authority
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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES BANGALORE‚ KARNATAKA PROFORMA FOR REGISTERATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION 1 NAME OF CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS PRABHAVATHI THIRUMALA REDDY 1 YEAR M Sc NURSING PRAGATHI COLLEGE OF NURSING‚ HENNUR CROSS‚ BANGALORE 2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION PRAGATHI COLLEGE OF NURSING 3 COURSE STUDY AND SUBJECT I YEAR M.SC. NURSING PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 4 DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE 18/06/2012 5 TITLE OF THE STUDY A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS
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6 main disadvantages of decentralisation (1) The success of decentralization will depend upon the quality of personnel manning the decentralized units. In those cases where the training‚ experience‚ education etc of the employees are inadequate‚ decentralisation of authority and of decision making would be harmful for the enterprise. There will be wrong decisions‚ confusion‚ contradictions etc. (2) Decentralisation becomes uneconomic and unwieldy unless the organisation is large and strong enough
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1. Concept of Decentralization The Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan‚ Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan)‚ once received their independence form USSR‚ started a massive decentralization process. Decentralization‚ generally speaking‚ is a process that aims to re-distribute powers and responsibilities from the top to lower levels of a government. Fritzen S. A. and Lim W. O. distinguish four categories of decentralization: administrative (the transfer of policy making‚ planning and management responsibilities
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References: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/centralized-vs-decentralized-organizational-structure-2785.html http://www.12manage.com/methods_centralization_decentralization.html http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy200.html
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralisation Decentralisation means diffusion of authority. The dispersal of authority of decision- making to the lower level management is termed as decentralisation. Decentralisation of authority is a fundamental phase of delegation and the extent to which authority is not delegated is called centralisation. Here got some advantages and disadvantages of decentralisation. Firstly‚ distribution of burden of top executive. Decentralisation helps to its executive to
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Research Case Study-3 SONY INDIA1 Sony‚ a multinational corporation based in Tokyo‚ Japan‚ stepped into India in early 1995‚ in the post Iiberalisation period. Within a couple of months in the same year‚ it set up its manufacturing unit. The company makes its presence felt in India through Sony Entertain Television‚ Sony Music and Sony India. While the first two are comfortably placed in their niche markets‚ it is the third which is expected to bring in all those exciting Sony digital products. Although
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Annual Report 2003 Year Ended March 31‚ 2003 Financial Highlights Sony Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries Year ended March 31 Yen in millions except per share amounts and number of employees Percent change Dollars in millions* except per share amounts 2002 2003 2003/2002 2003 FOR THE YEAR Sales and operating revenue Operating income Income before income taxes Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes Net income Per share data: Income before cumulative
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