but Egypt had a centralized government with a pharaoh‚ while Mesopotamia had a decentralized government with a king. Socially‚ both civilizations were patriarchal‚ but Egypt was more lenient towards women while Mesopotamia was stricter. The political and social structures of Egypt and Mesopotamia both similarities and differences. Politically‚ although both Egypt and Mesopotamia had one main ruler‚ Egypt was centralized and whereas Mesopotamia was decentralized. Egypt centralized government led
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There are centralized and decentralized decision-making management strategy‚ cross-docking strategy‚ postponement strategy and outsourcing strategy. Firstly‚ it introduces the centralized and decentralized decision-making management for distribution. It is mainly focus on the comparison of two kinds of the decision-making management and their advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile‚ under the centralized and decentralized decision-making management‚ it puts forward the centralized and decentralized
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Multiple-Retailer system in which supply is subject to disruptions. We examine the expected costs and cost variances of the system in both a centralized and a decentralized inventory system. We show that using a decentralized inventory design reduces cost variance through the risk-diversification effect‚ and that when demand is deterministic and supply may be disrupted‚ a decentralized inventory system is optimal. This is in contrast to the classical result that when supply is deterministic and demand is stochastic
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airpower is refined by several fundamental guiding truths. Centralized Control & Decentralized Execution‚ Flexibility & Versatility‚ Synergistic Effects‚ Persistence‚ Concentration‚ Priority‚ and Balance make up these guiding
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the benefits of the centralized school system used in many developed European and Asian nations‚ but we are hesitant to move from the decentralized school system we currently have in fear that we will change elements in our system so that‚ "the cost of remedying the weaknesses of U.S. Education may be in the risk of undermining what have been historically regarded as it’s greatest strengths" (Hurn‚ 1993‚ p.29). I will discuss the strong and weak components of a decentralized school system like that
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business.1 Decentralized corporations make it possible for managers to control without ownership. 4 In decentralized organizations‚ the breakdown is that the president of each unit of a business is on his or her own management-wise. The president of each unit is provided a board of directors and a financial budget from the parent company‚ but is allowed to run the company with no hindrance as long as financial goals are met. 2 Decentralization is seen as an issue of power as opposed to centralized units
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other? Organizing seems to be easier on centralized and not decentralized organizations. GM which started as decentralized organization wanted to be more centralized like its competitor Toyota. For example GM marketed about 8 midsized sedans which all 8 had different names and different parts from all over the world. However‚ Toyota a more centralized company marketed only a couple sedans. GM saw the success of Toyota and wanted to be more of a centralized company. This required reorganization
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1. Who do you consider the Itwo greatest leaders in American business - past or present? What did/do they do that makes you call them leaders versus managers? I consider Bill Gates and Steve Jobs to be the greatest leaders in American business. Over the past 25 years‚ technology was the industry of choice for many of the top business people. Microsoft ’s Bill Gates and Apple’s Steve Jobs both exemplify the explosion in that realm. Gates‚ Microsoft chairman and world ’s richest man‚ is the No. 1
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widespread throughout the world‚ communication issues increase in importance. Organizational communication network It is the pattern of information flow among task group members. Five major network structures have been identified. 1. The three centralized networks are structured so that most messages must flow through a pivotal person in the network. a. In the wheel network‚ all messages must flow through the individual at the center of the wheel. b. In the chain network‚ some members can communicate
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are the Centralized and the Decentralized systems. In Lebanon we follow the central system as the unit or the way of governing. Centralization of authority is a political system that started with the dawn of political systems and public sectors. Centralization of authority in its meaning is known as the concentration of power in one place of the government. Most likely this place is the Capital. Centralized governments are generally those countries that are still developing. Centralized governments
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