Model of Empire: Basic Principles for the Roman‚ Han Chinese‚ and Gupta Empires Necessary preconditions for the rise of empires: State-level government: Rome: republic then empire with emperor Han: kept most of Qin centralized government in place Gupta: decentralized; regionalism High agricultural potential in the area: Rome: wheat‚ grapes‚ cattle Han: wheat‚ millet‚ pigs Gupta: cotton‚ wool‚ calico (chief revenue – tax on agriculture) An environmental mosaic Rome: Alps‚ Mediterranean
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have just one person making every single decision‚ especially when we start talking about multi-national corporations. The corporate world is a complex place‚ and that complexity breeds innovation of management strategies. With that‚ you get a decentralized model. Scott: Now obviously‚ this isn’t the case all the time‚ correct? Diane: Exactly. And as a matter of fact‚ the examples
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Organizational Charts on their publicly accessible websites. Other key terms include Centralized and Decentralized Decision Making. Centralized decision making refers to a business model in which decisions are directed to the top of the organization. Decentralized decision making is a model in which the organization tends to push the decisions down to the lowest levels‚ which can be a good thing. With decentralized decision making‚
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An organization is made up of many departments. Every department must be in good working standards in order to be effective. The article “A new organizational model for airlines” by Mckinsey‚ explains that the airlines switched from the functional organization to a business unit organization. Business unit structure is a horizontal design allows each airline group to work independently by focusing on the essential capabilities to increase the effectiveness as a whole. Moreover‚ business unit provides
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provinces with Holland being the strongest. The Dutch Republic had many challenges to their security‚ unity‚ and prosperity. The Dutch did not have a strong standing army to protect themselves from foreign invades. Also the Dutch Republic was decentralized and split into 7 provinces‚ Holland being the most powerful and successful. They were very prospers in the fact that they were in war with the English in the 1650s which made other countries have an opportunity to take them over. The security
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structure can impact the degrees of its successes. For instance‚ an organization with a decentralized structure‚ which has open communication system‚ tends to be more innovative. Organizations that are more highly centralized with most of the decisions being made at the upper level‚ tend to be much slower in their actions because of decisions that are handed down from level to level‚ where as the decentralized organizations tend to react faster because it empowers its employees and allows them to
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CHAPTER 3 1. 6 Elements of a Retail Strategy Figure 3-1 p. 55 TV 2. 3 Ownership and Management Alternatives p. 57 3. Image and Positioning (re: Marketing Mix) p. 64-66 4. 3 Target Marketing Techniques – Strategies Table 3-3 p. 67 5. Retail Strategy: the Role of Controllable & Uncontrollable Variables Figure 3-9 p. 69-72 Sample of a Strategic Planning Template Table 3-5 p. 74 CHAPTER 3 STRATEGIC PLANNING IN RETAILING
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customer service. Consultants recommended centralized control and a set of internal authority relationships. 1. What were the problems facing Kinko’s managers? Kinko’s structure was too decentralized‚ making it difficult for top managers to implement changes rapidly. The structure was informal with decisions left up to Kinko’s franchisees‚ and no sharing of ideas on customer service. 2. What steps did managers take to solve these problems? Kinko’s centralized operating systems such as purchasing
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is rapid technological transfer from laboratory to the marketplace. But we know that will be important in our future. During 1984‚ Kodak undertook a major corporate restructuring. Prior to the restructuring‚ decision making at Kodak was quite centralized. Top-level approval was required for most major decisions. The restructuring created 17 new business units with profit-and-loss responsibility. Business-unit managers were given increased decision-making authority for new products‚ pricing‚ and
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Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: Assess the advantages and disadvantages of using a Web-based compensation tool versus a client-server based or stand-alone PC-based system and then give your opinion on which system would provide the most value to an organization’s stakeholders. Include three (3) facts to support your opinion. e-Compensation represents a web-enabled approach to an array of compensation tools that enable an organization to gather‚ store‚ manipulate‚ analyze
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