invented between the late 4th century BC and the early 5th century BC (Zhou dynasty). The process was created by melting pig iron. The blast furnace was used for smelting iron ore and coke (a high carbon fuel)‚ charcoal or anthracite (a type of coal). Limestone was used as a flux. Sand was used to create the castings. Innovators used this process to create tools‚ wheels‚ weapons and machinery. The iron plow‚ swords‚ spears and knives were developed around the 6th century BC (Han dynasty). Paper
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Traces of therapeutic activities in China date from the Shang dynasty (14th–11th centuries BCE).[6] Though the Shang did not have a concept of "medicine" as distinct from other fields‚[6] their oracular inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells refer to illnesses that affected the Shang royal family: eye disorders‚ toothaches‚ bloated abdomen‚ etc.‚[6][7] which Shang elites usually attributed to curses sent by their ancestors.[6] There is no evidence that the Shang nobility used herbal remedies.[6]
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been of a certain importance‚ presumably reflecting the presence of a bridge across the Aar River. The Roman settlement was probably destroyed in the later 3rd century. At the end of the 3rd century‚ a fortification was built at the bridge-head‚ on the south-eastern corner of the earlier vicus. This fortress was abandoned in the 4th century‚ and later replaced by a larger castle‚ comparable to late Roman fortresses protecting crossings of the Aar at Solothurn and Brugg. The medieval settlement
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Freedom is my birth right (Bal Gangadhar Tilak) 2. Short story of Independence movement. 3. My memories of the struggle of independence. 4. Let us remember our Golden Heritage. 5. A glance at the present 20th century. 6. The story of Shiva temple of Gujarat. 7. Political slavery of recent 800 years. 8. Kings‚ Priests and Scientists in the West. 9. What we can do TODAY in USA and India? 10. We need to unite under a new
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several centuries of evolution. In ancient times‚ the most important aspect in the choice of partner was health. Men to cope with hunting and family support‚ had to be tall and have a large muscle mass. Women‚ on the other hand‚ to be able to lead a task to an end and to cope with birth needed‚ wide hips and large breasts. Therefore‚ in a time when the sick had little chance of survival‚ beauty was a healthy body‚ able to meet vital needs. Until in the century of Pericles‚ fifth century BC‚ when
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states‚ Haryana and Punjab. But this country is to be considered as a Union Territory‚ and is administered by the government. Chandigarh is well known for its modern architecture and well-designed landscaping‚ which became an up rise to the 20th Century. The museum was established back in August 1947‚ which many fine collections of art were once house at the Central Museum in the capital of Punjab. By April 1949‚ the divisions of collections took place‚ and were disseminated to the cities of not
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eighteenth century and nineteenth century; by providing how it gradually moved to challenge objectivity and professionalism. In this essay I will provide examples from Clio’s Battles on how the study of history altered in the eighteenth and nineteenth century from the gradually movement of objectivity to professionalism. Historical work in the eighteenth century was more interested in controversies of the present‚ notably religious‚ and political struggles. During the eighteenth century many took
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characterised by an unmistakable unity and continuity. The successive waves of migration into India starting with the Indo-Greeks (2nd Century B.C.)‚ the Kushans (First century A.D.)‚ the incursions from the northwest by Arab‚ Turkish‚ Persian and others beginning in the early 8th century A.D. and finally the establishment of the Muslim empire by the 13th century A.D. and the advent of Europeans ’ the Portuguese‚ the Dutch‚ the English‚ the Danes and the French ’ into India‚ have brought in new elements
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MADURAI‚ THE ATHENS OF THE EAST. Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world with a recorded history from 3rd century BC.[3]Megasthenes visited Madurai during 3rd century BC‚ with the city referred as "Methora" in his accounts.[9] The view is contested by some scholars as they believe "Methora" refers to the north Indian city of Mathura as it was a large and established city in the Mauryan Empire.[15] The city is also
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12th-13th centuries ANNE FAVIER-TOWNSEND Saint Jean‚ Lyon 12-14th centuries Chateaux Château du Sou (Rhône) 14th century Chenonceau (Loire Valley) 16th century INTRODUCTION THO THE ARTS IN FRANCE 1 SELF ORIENTATION PROGRAMME JANUARY 2013 19th century buildings Eiffel Tower Arc de Triomphe 20th century buildings The Louvre Pyramid The Grande Arche de la Défense Literature Marie de France (12th century) FRENCH CULTURE AND CIVILISATION 19th century buildings
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