THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield
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Apple Case Study The role of a successful leader in organisational change cannot be overestimated. Organisational culture is significant for each organisation and its successful operation‚ playing large role in whether or not a particular organisation has a happy‚ healthy and comfortable working environment. Organisational culture at any company has to be strong and well-established but able to be changed as well. So‚ in order to establish‚ maintain and improve the company’s culture timely
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ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AT UNILEVER Unilever is a very old multinational with worldwide operations in the detergent and food industries. For decades‚ Unilever managed its worldwide detergents activities in an arm’s length manner. A subsidiary was set up in each major national market and allowed to operate largely autonomously‚ with each subsidiary carrying out the full range‚ of value creation activities‚ including manufacturing‚ marketing and R & D. The company had 17 autonomous national operations
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What are the 5 primary types of consumer and market data provided in the case you would consider if you were Dana Wheeler? Discuss specific result elements (not a summary of the exhibits). As Dana Wheeler‚ I would consider the following five primary types of consumer and market data: 1. Cable Ratings: Both Advertising and Affiliate revenue will depend upon these as the usability of a channel to the cable company and advertisers depend upon the amount of viewers a channel has. 2. Annual Demographic
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Country: Trinidad Student Group Summary – Unit 7- Managing Change and Innovation Group Name: The Cliché Student Members: Submission Date: 28th July‚ 2014 Topic: “Critically discuss types of organisational change and why changes in people and culture are critical to any change process‚ illustrate researched and referenced examples.” “Using current researched and referenced examples‚ critically discuss contemporary issues in managing change” Types of Organizational Change
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and power. Characteristics Both styles are leader centric‚ implying that the leader is the one that creates the ‘success’ (Contu‚ 2012). Transactional leadership constitutes of three characteristics: contingent reward‚ active and passive management by
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When I sit down to write this paper‚ I cannot help but to remember Lord Brahma‚ whose four heads were meant‚ simultaneously‚ to recite all four Vedas.Similarly‚ when I look at this problem of organizational challenges in India‚ I yearn to have those four heads- because there are Four Faces which need to interact in tandem.Firstly‚let us have a look at the three visible heads and then lastly‚ the invisible head. The three visible faces can be described as - Head 1: ASKING QUESTIONS Head 2: SEEKING
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is newly established and going to design a management structure and working pattern‚ secondly a company merged in another company‚ after amalgamation of two or more companies‚ they may need to make up a new management and operational structure and some changes may be required in order to focusing the previous working environment and techniques of both companies which are amalgamated. There are many models introduced by different legends of management theories‚ some below mentioned models are famous
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things? To what extent‚ and in what ways‚ are employees motivated by different things? How can we accommodate differences? Introduction The purpose of this paper is to identify different employee motivators and their significance to the organisational outcome thorough‚ recognising different motivational theories and their applications in different examples within the hospitality industry‚ with a particular focus in the restaurant business in the UK. Being a service industry‚ the employee motivation
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Assignment for Organisational Behaviour Unit 2014-15 The assignment for this unit is to prepare an outline or ‘treatment’ for a 30 minute documentary film for television on a topic from this unit which interests you. A treatment is a description of your documentary‚ in prose‚ which guides the reader through content and tone. Usually they are written to sell films to producers. Your treatment should include the following: 1. Title (what are you going to call your documentary) 2. The pitch (what
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