UNDERSTANDING THE OSI MODEL AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH TCP/IP Table Of Contents Letter of Transmittal Abstract Table of Contents Written Presentation References Abstract The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference tool for understanding data communications between any two networked systems. It divides the communications processes into seven layers. Each layer both performs specific functions to support the layers above it and offers services to the layers below it. The
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Channel Models A Tutorial 1 V1.0 February 21‚ 2007 Please send comments/corrections/feedback to Raj Jain‚ jain@acm.org Please send comments to jain@acm.org 1 This work was sponsored in part by WiMAX Forum. Channel Models: A Tutorial 2 V1 Created on 2/21/2007 TABLE CONTENTS CHANNEL MODELS: A TUTORIAL..................................................................................................................................3 CHANNEL MODELS: A TUTORIAL.....................
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Review Paper: Geopolitical Models Since the twentieth century‚ the geopolitical concept has evolved and developed. Geopolitics is the attempt to explain international politics in terms of geography‚ which includes location‚ size‚ and resources of places. It tries to describe the relationship between geographic space‚ resources‚ and foreign policy. One of the most talented geographers and politicians who made this discipline evolve is Sir Halford John Mackinder. Through his researches and international
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Part One: The friction model is the idea that there are various sources that work together to keep policies in place so that the status quo prevails for extended periods of time. There are many different players within the friction model that try to help protect the status quo‚ but other ideas that try to go against the model and change it. The friction model has a head start as it is much easier to protect the status quo than to change it. A major problem policy changer’s face is lack of attention
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1. Introduction There is an abundance of models and theories which describe and explain internationalization‚ foreign entry modes and the foreign operations of firms (Elo‚ 2005). These models can be divided into two different perspectives: behavioural and economic (Elo‚ 2005‚ p.65). It is also suggested that the literature based on economic theory‚ which focuses on new market opportunities‚ internationalization‚ vertical integration and corporate growth‚ has been dominating. Whereas‚ behavioural
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Logic model Brief history of evaluation and the logic Model Scriven (1991) would argue that evaluation has been around for many years‚ and is only now recognised as a discipline. He would go further and say it is like a knowledge which has been around for a decade before we were discussing its use‚ nature and logic. It is essentially different from science in its methods and thought. He would argue it is only recently we have appreciated its value as a discipline we still have a long way to go.
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Communication models One of the key tasks of social marketers is to develop effective messages which provide individuals and organisations with the information required to achieve behavioural change. Communication represents the ‘transmission of information‚ ideas‚ attitudes‚ or emotion from one person or group to another’. There are many models and frameworks available to help with communications planning. The communication process involves: the sender‚ the message itself‚ encoding the message
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Rivalry: In the traditional economic model‚ competition among rival firms drives profits to zero. But competition is not perfect and firms are not unsophisticated passive price takers. Rather‚ firms strive for a competitive advantage over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry among firms is very large in case of jewelry business. There are a lot of big brands and even small small jewelers are present in the market. II. Threat Of Substitutes In Porter’s model‚ substitute products refer to products
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MODELS OF OB. 1) Autocratic model: this model depends on power . Those who are in command must have the power to demand. Employees are to follow the orders of their boss who has an authority to get the work done through people. If they fail to follow the orders they are to be penalized. Employees are fully dependent on their boss because he has power to hire fire and perspire them. Employees are always offered minimum wages to provide livelihood because workers give minimum performance. Some employees
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many changes came about for the system of corrections in America. Once a new idea goes sour‚ a new one replaces it. Prisons shifted their focus from the punishment of offenders to the rehabilitation of offenders‚ then to the reentry into society‚ and back to incarceration. As times and the needs of the criminal justice system changed‚ new prison models were organized in hopes of lowering the crime rates in America. The three major models of prisons that were developed were the medical‚ model‚ the
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