BASIC CONCEPTS IN SYNTAX The concept of ‘sentence’ A sentence is a sequence of words in a particular structural pattern (for example‚ S+V+O+A)‚ and regarded as primary because it comprises a minimum sense of unity and completeness. Sentences are best defined in terms of structure + meaning. I can easily walk that way back. She was feeling affectionate. She did it. *In the rain. Basic concepts in syntax 1. 2. 3. Sentences have parts‚ which may themselves have parts. (constituents)
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Chapter 1: Overview—The Financial Statements Chapter 1 introduces the four financial statements--Income Statement‚ Statement of Retained Earnings‚ Balance Sheet‚ and Statement of Cash Flows. Accounting as the language of business is discussed along with an introduction of the various users of accounting information. Financial and Managerial accounting are compared. The four ways to organize a business – proprietorship‚ partnership‚ limited – liability company‚ and corporation‚ are discussed
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Departmental Income Statement A Departmental Income Statement shows each departments contribution margin and net income from operating‚ after all expenses are allocated for. The Departmental Income Statement shows which departments of the company are the most profitable‚ and which departments are costing the company money. The Departmental Income Statement helps managers and owners evaluate and control the operations of each department. This is important for running a top quality company. The
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Income Statement of the Air Asia for the quarter end 31/3/2014‚ 30/6/2014 and 30/9/2014 First quarter 2014 (1Q14) The Group recorded revenue of RM1302.4 million for the quarter ended 31 March 2014‚ 0.1% higher than the revenue of RM1300.8 million recorded in the quarter ended 31 March 2013. The revenue growth was supported by a 4% growth in passenger volume while the average fare was down 9% at RM164 as compared to RM180.achieved in first quarter of 2013. Ancillary income per passenger was increased
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ZARA Income Statement Period Ending: 2012 31/12 2011 31/12 2010 31/12 2009 31/12 Total Revenue 82.98 78.19 89.69 76.7 Revenue 82.98 78.19 89.69 76.7 Other Revenue‚ Total - - - - Cost of Revenue‚ Total 60.29 56.72 59.02 52 Gross Profit 22.69 21.47 30.67 24.7 Total Operating Expenses 77.61 73.35 74.12 63.51 Selling/General/Admin. Expenses‚ Total 3.69 3.24 3.96 3.56 Research & Development - - - - Depreciation / Amortization 13.63 13.38 11.14 7
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Chapter 08 Business Income‚ Deductions‚ and Accounting Methods SOLUTION MANUAL Discussion Questions 1. [LO 1] What is an “ordinary and necessary” business expenditure? “Ordinary” and “necessary” imply that an expense must be customary and helpful‚ respectively. Because these terms are subjective‚ the tests are ambiguous. However‚ ordinary is interpreted by the courts as including expenses which may be unusual for a specific taxpayer (but not for that type of business) and necessary is
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the bottom line of their income statement and is a measure of the firm’s income over a given period of time. The cash flow of a firm shows how a firm has used the cash it earned during a set of time. There are two reasons that the income statement does not show the amount of cash earned. One‚ there are non-cash entries on the income statement and second‚ there are certain uses such as a purchase of a building that are not reported on the income statement. The statement of cash flows utilizes the
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Accounting vs. Economic Income Abstract This paper explores further into two different peer reviewed articles‚ and one chapter of an accounting book. These articles express the dynamics of accounting and its perspectives. It also equates for how they are determined and the usefulness of the income based on changes in the value of credits and liabilities. In addition‚ it expresses the need for education in both forms of income‚ and specific training required to truly understand the differences
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Buckwold and Kitunen‚ Canadian Income Taxation‚ 2010-2011 Ed. CHAPTER 10 INDIVIDUALS: DETERMINATION OF TAXABLE INCOME AND TAXES PAYABLE Review Questions 1. Briefly explain the difference‚ for individuals‚ between net income for tax purposes and taxable income. 2. Explain the difference between an allowable capital loss and a net capital loss. 3. Describe the tax treatment of net capital losses. 4. Explain how a non-capital loss is created and how it is treated for tax
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Chapter 5: Cost Behavior: Analysis and Use As we shall see in later chapters‚ the ability to predict how costs respond to changes in activity is critical for making decisions‚ controlling operations‚ and evaluating performance. Three major classifications of costs were discussed in this chapter—variable‚ fixed‚ and mixed. Mixed costs consist of variable and fixed elements and can be expressed in equation form as Y = a + bX‚ where X is the activity‚ Y is the cost‚ a is the fixed cost element‚ and
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