appraisal based on a forced distribution system: its drawbacks and remedies Rachana Chattopadhayay International Management Institute‚ Kolkata‚ India‚ and Anil Kumar Ghosh Theoretical Statistics and Mathematics Unit‚ Indian Statistical Institute‚ Kolkata‚ India Performance appraisal based on a FDS 881 Received 8 August 2011 Revised 29 January 2012 1 May 2012 Accepted 24 June 2012 Abstract Purpose – Performance appraisal based on a forced distribution system (FDS) is widely used
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insight has not only undermined the traditional view of vertical restraints‚ but also posed a challenge to economic theory. Why would manufacturers impose competition-reducing constraints (such as exclusive dealing‚ territorial exclusivity‚ selective distribution‚ etc.) on retailers if these increase the profits of retailers at the expense of manufacturers? The economic literature has studied this question extensively‚ and identified several efficiency reasons why manufacturers may want to guarantee downstream
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SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS |6.1 POPULATION AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION | |6.1.1 Population Distribution | Suppose there are only five students in an advanced statistics class and the midterm scores of these five students are: 70 78 80 80 95 Let x denote the score
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Character characteristics From reading the book named The Outsiders By S.E. Hinton‚ I found that Ponyboy was the character that has many similarities to me. I can relate to him since he is very athletic‚ smart‚ kind. I think that I do not connect to any other character like I connect to Ponyboy. The first characteristic we have in common is how both of us are very athletic. Ponyboy and I‚ play a variety of sports. Ponyboy is very athletic because he is on the track team for his school. I have
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In order for patrol distribution to be effective‚ it must revolve around the goal of trying to satisfy the vast majority of citizens’ concerns within a jurisdiction (Fritsch et al.‚ 2008). Patrol allocation should be taken into consideration in order to effectively distribute the patrol. Depending on the size of a police department and its jurisdiction‚ patrol allocation can help distribute the patrol by dividing the patrol jurisdiction into different areas and assigning officers to patrol some or
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Case 4: Alternative Distribution for SSI Judith M. Whipple Sugar Sweets‚ Inc. (SSI)‚ was considering ways to increase market coverage and sales volume on its candy and snack products. Historically‚ the majority of SSI products were sold to consumers through various grocery and convenience stores. Vending machines and institutional sales‚ such as airports‚ represent the remaining consumer market segments. The selling environment for candy and snack foods was becoming increasingly competitive and
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In the film‚ the producers have used many different techniques to portray different characteristics of Macbeth. The scene where Macbeth kills King Duncan brings out Macbeth’s ambitious characteristics‚ but also shows how indecisive he is and how much he depends on Lady Macbeth. However‚ despite the fact that he kills the king‚ scenes such as the feast show that Macbeth does have a conscience with some good morals. Yet‚ Lady Macbeth is a constant thorn in his side that causes him to overcome his doubt
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number of enterprises pay much more attention on choosing distribution channels. Keegan and Schlegelmich (2001) explained that distribution channel can be considered as the method which is used for enterprises putting products into the market for consumers to use. The traditional distribution channel goes from supplier‚ manufacturer‚ distributor‚ wholesaler and retailer (Frazier‚ 1999). Indirect and direct are two different types of distribution channels (Wilkinson‚ 2001). According to Silva (2008)‚
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Distribution Channels of Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care Products in Chinese Economic Transition -- A Case Study Don Y. Leea ‚ Gangling Chaob and Weiling Yec aHong Kong Polytechnic University‚ Hong Kong b‚cShanghai University of Finance and Economic‚ China Address for Correspondence: Don Y. Lee PhD Associate Professor of Marketing Department of Business Studie Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom‚ Kowloon Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Telephone: 852-2766-7119 Facsimile:
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What characteristics should a candidate possess to become president? Abstract The vital characteristics required of a presidential candidate include the ability to deal with honesty and act with integrity in all issues of governance‚ embrace the aspect of citizenship‚ abide by the constitution‚ exercise empathy when representing the people‚ and be reliable at all times. Other important characteristics are being knowledgeable of the political‚ social‚ and economic situation of
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