Price effect: The price change effect on consumption can be broken down into two parts depending upon the change relative in pricing of products and income. The first one is called substitution effect wherein price change of a product leads to change in consumption‚ here the income remains constant. The second is the income effct wherein the relative income of people changes which leads to a change in the purchasing power‚ here the price is considered constant. * prices change >> income
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VALUE Vs PRICE There are four major attributes of a commodity i.e.‚ an item or service produced for‚ and sold on the market has four major attributes. They are: • a value • a use‐value (or utility) • an exchange value • a price (it could be an actual selling price or an imputed ideal price) VALUE In simple words‚ value refers to the importance of a thing or utility of a commodity. But in economics the term “value” has a quite different meaning. According to the famous economist
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1. Under what environmental conditions are price wars most likely to occur in an industry? What are the implications of price wars for a company? How should a company try to deal with the threat of a price war? Price wars are most likely to occur when the following conditions are present in an industry: the product is a commodity‚ exit barriers are substantial‚ excess capacity exists‚ the industry is consolidated‚ and demand is declining. A price war constitutes a strong threat. It is difficult
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Price FloorsA price floor is the lowest legal price a commodity can be sold at. Price floors are used by the government to prevent prices from being too low. The most common price floor is the minimum wage--the minimum price that can be payed for labor. Price floors are also used often in agriculture to try to protect farmers. For a price floor to be effective‚ it must be set above the equilibrium price. If it’s not above equilibrium‚ then the market won’t sell below equilibrium and the price floor
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Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) is often used for assessing the company’s stock price. P/E is determined by first calculating the earnings per shares (EPS)‚ which is the post-tax profits divides by the number of shares (Figure 1). Trailing P/E is equal to current market share price divided by trailing earnings per share for the past 12 months‚ whereas forward P/E is equal to current share price divided by expected earnings per shares for the next 12 months or next full-year fiscal period (http://www
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320. As of 2006‚ the average manufacture’s suggested retail price for a 330ci was $37‚600 as compared to $45‚750 for a CLK 320. Gas mileage for the 330ci is 30 mpg on the highway and 20 mpg in the city as compared to 28 mpg on the highway and 19 mpg in the city for the CLK 320. Discussion 1. Suppose Mercedes is concerned that dealer price of the CLK 320 are not consistent and that even though the average price is $45‚750‚ actual prices are normally distributed with a standard deviation of $2‚981
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with their competition through certain adjustments and empolying different strategies. There are certain phenomena that may occur upon utilizing such in an industry and one of those is the price war. Price war is a market situation characterized by the cutting of prices of companies below their competitors prices. This may mainly occur on conditions wherein there is a very heavy competition present. In such situation‚ companies will do every strategy in order for them to overthrow competitors and
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low price. The IKEA business idea is: ‘We shall offer a wide range of well-designed‚ functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.’ IKEA targets price-conscious young couples and families who are willing and able to transport and assemble furniture kits. The low-price strategy‚ seeks to achieve a lower price than competitors while maintaining similar perceived product or service benefits to those offered by competitors‚ price is not
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Price Wars in the Wireless Market 1. Who are the key players in this industry? The key players in the wireless industry are Verizon Wireless‚ AT&T‚ Sprint‚ and T-Mobile. With these four companies controlling 90% of the market‚ there are no other ‘key players’ in the industry. U.S. Cellular is not quite a ‘key player’‚ however they do hold approximately 2.4% of the customer nationwide and must be in the overall picture. In addition‚ the data suggests that
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and their competitive organizations set the prices for their industry. “Because of their “fewness‚” oligopolies have considerable control over their prices‚ but each must consider the possible reaction of rivals to its own pricing‚ output‚ and advertising decisions” (Brue et al‚ 2009). The two main competitors for the McDonald’s corporation are Burger King and Wendy’s. The pricing summaries for all three organizations are very similar. With prices fairly consistent‚ how are companies competing
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