restraints on trade are not enforceable. This notion was developed further in the late 19th century and late 20th century and made applicable to what we call ‘competition law’ in the USA. It is important to note that the enactment of the Sherman Anti-trust Act‚ 1890 was a reason for this development. What is the correlation between ‘restraint of trade doctrine’ and ‘modern competition law’? This article seeks to examine the relationship between the two by tracing back cases when the Sherman Act was
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If trust does not meet test of certainty it will fail/be void If trust to be valid must meet three certainties: (Knight v Knight) Certainty of intention Certainty of subject matter Certainty of objects/beneficiaries Fundamental principle: the trust must be capable of being controlled + enforced There must be “sufficient practical certainty in [the trust’s] definition for it to be carried out‚ if necessary with the administrative assistance of the court‚ according to the expressed intention
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TD Canada Trust Executive Summary After the completion of a mega-merger‚ TD Canada Trust seeks to reposition the brand in order to retain customers and realize steady revenue growth. To examine the investment return of the new brand campaign “comfortable banking”‚ Executive VP Armstrong led his team developed a “linkage analysis” system and proposed a new branch incentive plan. This essay aims to evaluate the “linkage analysis” model and its effectiveness‚ also to comment on the incentive plan
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Do high levels of trust between workers and management lead to better performance? There is a direct link between a high or low level of trust between the workers and management within a corporation and the productivity growth. Corporation must be willing and prepared to make small but regular investments that are required‚ and there will be a high substantial return‚ both in material and a healthy labour management climate. There are mainly three concepts that describe the working climate within
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Deutsche Bank and Bankers Trust merger Информация о компаниях и самом слиянии Deutsche Bank (Germany) and Bankers Trust (US) reflect different cultural realities. The main differences between them concerning cultural dimensions include such points as: Long-term orientation. On this index the Germans score 83 while the Americans score only 26 what means that unlike the Americans the Germans are very pragmatic people‚ they show an ability to adapt traditions easily to changed conditions‚ a strong propensity
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study Malaysia introduced the unit trust concept relatively early compared to its Asian neighbours in 1959; a unit trust was first established by a company called Malayan Unit Trust Ltd. The unit trust industry in Malaysia has therefore a history of more than four decades. The unit trust industry was characterized by slow growth in the sales of units and a lack of public interest in the new investment product in the first two decades. There is only five unit trust management companies were established
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Secret trusts arise where a testator explains to X that they want property to be held on trust for Y and then leaves the property to X in their Will. It is also possible that a secret trust arises where in reliance on a promise to implement the trust by X‚ no Will is made (Strickland v Aldridge 1804 9 Ves 516 REF1). The onus of proving a secret trust is on the person claiming that it exists‚ on the balance of probabilities - the ’ordinary civil standard of proof’ (Re Snowden 1979 3 All ER 172 REF2)
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and legacies. Local inspectors were appointed and people promised to donate £20 pounds towards their inspectors. This has created 172 branches in English and Wales. In addition to the branches‚ there is one charity run by an animal trust and the other is run by a charitable company. RSPCA is currently
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one that takes a distinctive legal form and has a special tax status (charitable status). Charities can be organised in a number of different ways – they can be an unincorporated association‚ a trust or a company limited by guarantee. Each of these has a different governance structure – for example‚ a charity that is formed as a registered company will be governed by a board of directors‚ a charity that is set up as a trust will be governed by a board of trustees. RSPCA has both as RSPCA is governed
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of trust and effecting disposition of beneficiary’s interest Proving declaration of trust: In order to prove declaration of trust all types of evidence are admissible. Exceptions: a) Trust of land where the declaration has to be manifested and proved by some writing (Section 7 of Statute of Fraud Act 1677; Section 53(1)(b) of Law of Property Act 1925). The reason for this rule is to prevent fraud (Youdan). The written evidence can antedates or postdate the declaration of trust.
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