Coins held outside the Treasury‚ the Federal Reserve banks‚ and depository institutions‚ as well as paper money—Federal Reserve notes 758.0 Checkable deposits Deposits in checking accounts (demand deposits) 292.5 Travelers’ checks Checks that can be used as cash issued by nondepository institutions such as American Express Other checkable deposits Negotiable orders of withdrawal (NOWs) and automatic transfer service (ATS) account balances C: CURRENCY M1: C PLUS: 3 Total M1 6.2 307.9 1‚364
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Tutorial/Feedback Answers Topic 1 Introduction to financial markets ------------------------------------------------- Essay questions 1. Direct finance: Surplus economic units lend their funds “direct” to deficit economic units which are the ultimate borrowers. Financial institutions may facilitate this process by providing financial services in return for fees and commissions. The financial assets issued by the deficit units are held by the surplus units. Indirect finance: Surplus
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Pakistan’s Banking Sector Current Situation and Critical Issues ISHRAT HUSAIN Pakistan’s banking sector reforms which were initiated in the early 1990s have transformed the sector into an efficient‚ sound and strong banking system. The most recent comprehensive assessment carried out jointly by the World Bank and the IMF in 2004 came to the following conclusion: “ for reaching reforms have resulted in a more efficient and competitive financial system In particular‚ the predominantly
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SERVICE SECTOR A PROJECT ON BANKING SECTOR Introduction The banking section will navigate through all the aspects of the Banking System in India. It will discuss upon the matters with the birth of the banking concept in the country to new players adding their names in the industry in coming few years. The banker of all banks‚ Reserve Bank of India (RBI)‚ the Indian Banks Association (IBA) and top 20 banks like IDBI‚ HSBC‚ ICICI‚ ABN AMRO‚ etc. has
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the funds they hold on deposit. This system has three features: • Bank Profitability By getting deposits at zero interest and lending some of them out at positive interest rates‚ goldsmiths made profits. The history of banking as a profitmaking industry was begun and has continued to this date. Banks‚ like other enterprises‚ are in business to earn profits. • Bank Discretion over the Money Supply When goldsmiths decided to keep only fractions of their total deposits on reserve and lend out
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settling all trades. They control their risks‚ by asking the members to pay margins and provide timely information about their financial condition. There are various types of margins that the clients/ trading members/ clearing members required to deposit: Margins on both Futures and Options contracts comprise of the following: 1) Initial Margin 2) Exposure margin In addition to these margins‚ in respect of options contracts the following additional margins are collected 1) Premium Margin 2)
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how much the money supply will increase in response to a new cash deposit of $500 by completing the accompanying table. Answer: Deposits will increase by $833.25 and the loans will expand by $666.60 meaning that the supply of money will increase. The currency however will be about $333.30 after all 10 rounds. (Hint: The first row shows that the bank must hold $100 in minimum reserves — 20% of the $500 deposit — against this deposit‚ leaving $400 in excess reserves that can be loaned out. However
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banks are the primary owners of industrial corporations while in other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial companies. Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current account‚ accepting term deposits and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current account‚ by making instalment loans‚ and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of lending. Banks provide
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tenant expects the reimbursement of the security deposit. The tenant cleans and inspects the unit. The unit condition is very good. The tenant gives the keys to the landlord‚ but the landlord withholds seven hundred and fifty dollars from the thousand dollars security deposit. The landlord claims the tenant left the unit in bad condition and punch holes in the walls. So‚ the tenant took the landlord to small claims court to retrieve the total security deposit from the landlord. Small claims court is within
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