Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotes refer to organisms with a cell nucleus or organelles that are membrane-bound. Some prokaryotes are multicellular while others are unicellular. Eukaryotes‚ on the other hand‚ refer to organisms whose cytoskeleton and internal membranes organize them into complex structures. Similarities The two types of cells contain the same genetic material and like all cells‚ they release energy through respiration in addition to making proteins similarly. The structure
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Evolution of Sickle Cell Sickle Cell was discovered in the United states although it originated in Africa . The sickle cell disease (SCD) describes traits of an inherited red blood cell disorder‚ having SCD means you have abnormal hemoglobin‚ called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin‚ in your red blood cells. What is hemoglobin u might ask?! Well Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that is suppose to carry oxygen throughout the body. But when a sickle cell trait is “Inherited” it could
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of 5 micrometers - spherical shape - controls all cell activity by directing which enzymes are made for specific functions - stores the genetic material of the cell (DNA) - directs the chemical reactions in cells by transcribing genetic information from DNA into RNA (called DNA replication) - DNA replication allows cells to transfer information from one cell to the next during replication. - Nuclear envelope is the gateway to the cell (also known as nuclear pores)and allows substances (such
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(Beta vulgaris) Introduction The cell membrane is made up primarily of phospholipids and proteins which contribute to its selectively permeable nature. The function and permeability of the cell membrane depends on its intact structure. When destroyed‚ the permeability of the cell membrane is disrupted causing cellular contents to leak out. The cell membrane can be destroyed by physical damage‚ chemicals and high temperature. When cells are cut‚ the cell membranes are mechanically ruptured. High
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him or her having Sickle Cell Disease. What this is is it’s a disease that is genetically inherited and it involves the red blood cells. Mutations in the HBB gene cause this disease. This disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern‚ which means both copies of the gene in each cell will have mutations. The parents of offspring with an autosomal recessive gene each carry one copy of the mutated gene. The blood cells form an abnormal crescent shape (normal cells are in a disk form). The
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The different cell membrane transport mechanisms The cell membrane is referred to as a ‘fluid mosaic model’ because the protein part within the cell membrane used to be though of as an even layer spread over the outside and the inside of the phospholipid. Now we are starting to think that it is spread unevenly‚ more like a mosaic than a layer. The phospholipid part of the cell membrane is fluid; this means that its molecules are constantly moving about. Through the molecules constantly moving
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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ALL ABOUT CELLS NSC043 Lecture 3 What is a CELL? Basic structural unit of all living organisms microscopic “all life forms are composed of cells and product of cells” All functions essential to life occur at the cellular level 1 Phagocytosis‚ Pinocytosis‚ and microvilli CYTOPLASM Collective term for cytosol and organelles contained within Colloidal suspension Cytosol mainly composed of water with free-floating molecules
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Nucleus: In the kingdom the nucleus is the king. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in the center of the cell that contains all of the genetic information‚ and DNA and controls the rest of the cell. To the kingdom the nucleus is the king because of how he controls the kingdom and is responsible for the wealth of the town through his actions. Additionally not all cells have a nucleus. Just as not all kingdoms have a king. The Nuclear Envelope: The nuclear envelope is similar to the king’s
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Effects of Temperature on Beetroot Cell Membranes Background Information: A cell membranes is a thin structure that surrounds the whole cell. It contains the cytoplasm of a cell. The cell membrane is made up of hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. The hydrophilic region likes water‚ it is on the outside of the cell‚ the hydrophobic region is the inside of the cell where its protected from H2O. The cell membrane’s outer surface lets larger molecules into the cell. The inner surface deals with
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COMPARTMENTATION OF MAMMALIAN CELLS AND THE DIFFERING FUNCTIONS OF THESE COMPARTMENTS All mammalian cells are eukaryotic‚ and whilst the eukaryotic type of cell is not exclusive to mammals‚ mammalian cells differ from other eukaryotic cells because of the organelles that are or are not present. For instance some plant cells have chloroplasts which are not present in mammalian cells‚ but both plant cells and mammalian cells are eukaryotic in nature. The term eukaryotic refers to the cell having specific membrane
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