1 Class XII: Chemistry Chapter 1: The Solid State Concept 1. Solid: Solid is a state of matter in which the constituting particles are arranged very closely. The constituent particles can be atoms‚ molecules or ions. Properties of solids: a. They have definite mass‚ volume and shape. b. Intermolecular distances are short and hence the intermolecular forces are strong. c. Their constituent particles have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean positions. d. They are incompressible
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• The equilibrium law DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM forward A +8 reaction ""r=====~’~ reverse reaction Most chemical reactions do not go to completion. Once some products are formed the reverse reaction can take place to reform the reactants. In a closed system the concentrations of all the reactants and products will eventually become constant. Such a system is said to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur‚ but at equilibrium
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ca/mycourses/students/start/ Select General Chemistry 1 - Fall 2011 - CHEM-110-001 - Cross-Listed If you are having trouble logging on to WebCT‚ please contact IST Customer Services (ICS) (514) 3983398 or by e-mail from the WebCT page: http://www.mcgill.ca/webct/students/help/ Please do NOT email the lecturers as they will not be able to help. Lectures: CHEM 110‚ Section 1 Monday‚ Wednesday and Friday 10.35 to 11.25‚ Leacock 132 CHEM 110‚ Section 2 Tuesday‚ Thursday 11:35-12.55‚ Frank Dawson Adams
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Conclusion: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize and purify aspirin. The theoretical yield was calculated to 3.766g. The actual yield of pure aspirin was 2.863g with a yield of 76%. The percent yield indicates that our synthesis was a success but the yield is low and indicates that some of the aspirin was lost during synthesis. Some reasons for loss can result from human error such as loosing product from sticking on the spatula and the Buchner funnel and several weighings. Also‚ when transferring
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Salinity is the measure and concentration of all the salts dissolved in water. Usually measured in parts per thousand (ppt or )‚ ocean salinity is 35ppt and the average river water salinity is 0.5ppt or less (University of Rhode Island). Many factors go into salinity‚ making water salty. To name a few‚ salinity affects the environment through sediment from rocks washes into the ocean‚ evaporation of ocean water‚ and sea ice formation are known to increase the salinity of the ocean (NASA). It
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Chem 16 Notes UPD Should only be a supplement to discussions Table of Contents* [A] Lecture [1] Thermodynamics [2]Energy [3]Enthalpy [4]Hess’s Law [5]Determining Enthalpy [6]Heat Capacity [7]Calorimetry [8] Entropy [9] Gibb’s Free Energy [10] Waves [11] Quantum Theory [12] Quantum Numbers [13] Electron Configuration [14] Periodic Table [15] Periodic Trends KSev [16] Chemical Bonding [17] Formal Charge [18] Resonance Structure [19] Bonds [20] VSEPR [22] Valence Bond Theory [22] Molecular Orbital
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of the specialized underlying structures of these life-forms. In order for us to appreciate these special adaptation‚ we first need to know how a typical plant or an animal cell organelle behaves in different water and solute concentrations. In this lab‚ we will determine the effects of hypertonic‚ isotonic and hypotonic solutions on plant and animal cells. In general when an animals cell’s placed in hypertonic solution it shrivels; a plant cell on the other hand undergoes plasmolysis. When an animal
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Toxicology Lab 1. In this investigation‚ a wide range of concentrations of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solution were created and the effects that they had on radish seeds were tested. This ultimately created a doseresponse experiment in which it was detectable whether or not radish seeds were a reliable bioassay for the toxicity of NaCl. The goal of this experiment was to determine a correlation between toxicity and seed germination/radicle
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The “Chromatography Instrumentation Market by Systems [LC (HPLC‚ UHPLC‚ FLASH)‚ GC‚ TLC‚ SFC‚ Others (Autosamplers‚ Detectors‚ Fraction collectors)]‚ By Consumables (Reverse phase columns‚ Syringe filters‚ Vials) & Industry - Global Forecast to 2018"‚analyzes and studies the major market drivers‚ restraints‚ opportunities‚ and challenges in North America‚ Europe‚ Asia‚ and Rest of the World. Browse 123 market data tables and 49 figures spread through 407 pages and in-depth TOC on Chromatography
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Column and Thin Layer Chromatography: The Separation of Spinach Pigment Abstract Spinach extract was separated into fractions containing compounds of similar polarity by column chromatography. Based on solid-liquid phase partitioning‚ this separation technique exploited the different polarity of the compounds in the spinach extract. Three fractions with different colors were obtained. The extract and its fractions were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC results showed that
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