Entropy: Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. Entropy comes from the second law of thermodynamics‚ which states that all systems tend to reach a state of equilibrium. The significance of entropy is that when a spontaneous change occurs in a system‚ it will always be found that if the total entropy change for everything involved is calculated‚ a positive value will be obtained. Simply‚ all spontaneous changes in an isolated chemical system occur with an increase in entropy. Like enthalpy
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Chemistry 123 Fall ’14 Exam I (CH I‚ II‚ III) Instructions: Read each problem carefully before you begin. Be certain that you answers are clear and legible: Clearly Circle One Answer Only. Make sure to review you answers before you turn the exam in. Please place your answers on the answer sheet. You should also circle the correct letter for back up purposes. Print your name: ___________________ Sign your name: ___________________ Answer Sheet 1 C 16 A 2 E 17 D 3 B
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Marie Alessandra T. Reyes Group 4 18L Quantitative Determination of the Acidity of Soft Drinks I. Introduction Soft drinks are well known beverages among the young that are consumed mostly for pleasure. These beverages normally contain flavoring‚ sweeteners coloring‚ carbonic acid and acids. Carbonic acid and acids play an important part in the formulation of soft drinks. They enhance the flavor and give a pleasant refreshing ’lift ’ to the drink. The type of acid used can even affect the palatability
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1 Class XII: Chemistry Chapter 1: The Solid State Concept 1. Solid: Solid is a state of matter in which the constituting particles are arranged very closely. The constituent particles can be atoms‚ molecules or ions. Properties of solids: a. They have definite mass‚ volume and shape. b. Intermolecular distances are short and hence the intermolecular forces are strong. c. Their constituent particles have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean positions. d. They are incompressible
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• The equilibrium law DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM forward A +8 reaction ""r=====~’~ reverse reaction Most chemical reactions do not go to completion. Once some products are formed the reverse reaction can take place to reform the reactants. In a closed system the concentrations of all the reactants and products will eventually become constant. Such a system is said to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The forward and reverse reactions continue to occur‚ but at equilibrium
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ca/mycourses/students/start/ Select General Chemistry 1 - Fall 2011 - CHEM-110-001 - Cross-Listed If you are having trouble logging on to WebCT‚ please contact IST Customer Services (ICS) (514) 3983398 or by e-mail from the WebCT page: http://www.mcgill.ca/webct/students/help/ Please do NOT email the lecturers as they will not be able to help. Lectures: CHEM 110‚ Section 1 Monday‚ Wednesday and Friday 10.35 to 11.25‚ Leacock 132 CHEM 110‚ Section 2 Tuesday‚ Thursday 11:35-12.55‚ Frank Dawson Adams
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Conclusion: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize and purify aspirin. The theoretical yield was calculated to 3.766g. The actual yield of pure aspirin was 2.863g with a yield of 76%. The percent yield indicates that our synthesis was a success but the yield is low and indicates that some of the aspirin was lost during synthesis. Some reasons for loss can result from human error such as loosing product from sticking on the spatula and the Buchner funnel and several weighings. Also‚ when transferring
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Chem 16 Notes UPD Should only be a supplement to discussions Table of Contents* [A] Lecture [1] Thermodynamics [2]Energy [3]Enthalpy [4]Hess’s Law [5]Determining Enthalpy [6]Heat Capacity [7]Calorimetry [8] Entropy [9] Gibb’s Free Energy [10] Waves [11] Quantum Theory [12] Quantum Numbers [13] Electron Configuration [14] Periodic Table [15] Periodic Trends KSev [16] Chemical Bonding [17] Formal Charge [18] Resonance Structure [19] Bonds [20] VSEPR [22] Valence Bond Theory [22] Molecular Orbital
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of the specialized underlying structures of these life-forms. In order for us to appreciate these special adaptation‚ we first need to know how a typical plant or an animal cell organelle behaves in different water and solute concentrations. In this lab‚ we will determine the effects of hypertonic‚ isotonic and hypotonic solutions on plant and animal cells. In general when an animals cell’s placed in hypertonic solution it shrivels; a plant cell on the other hand undergoes plasmolysis. When an animal
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Toxicology Lab 1. In this investigation‚ a wide range of concentrations of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solution were created and the effects that they had on radish seeds were tested. This ultimately created a doseresponse experiment in which it was detectable whether or not radish seeds were a reliable bioassay for the toxicity of NaCl. The goal of this experiment was to determine a correlation between toxicity and seed germination/radicle
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