studied are not encountered under normal earth conditions; they are produced in cosmic rays and during scattering processes in particle accelerators. Isotopes Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element. While all isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons‚ each isotope differs from the others in its number of neutrons. Radioactive isotopes The existence of isotopes was first suggested in 1912 by the radiochemist Frederick
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Experiment #17 Classification of Chemical Substances Prepared for: Dr. Robert O’Reilly By: Kudaibergenov Baizak 20.11.2013 Nazarbayev University Introduction While many thousands of substances are known‚ they can be classified into a few simple categories based on type of bonding that exists among the atoms in the substance. Bonds are chemical forces that hold atoms together to form molecules or compounds. These categories are ionic‚ molecular and metallic substances.
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The element calcium’s name first originated from the Latin name “calx” which means “lime”. It was first discovered in England during the year 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy. He was able to separate calcium into a pure metal by doing an electrolysis process on a mixture of lime HgO‚ which is mercuric oxide. However‚ Sir Humphry Davy was not able to do this until after he found out Berzelius and Pontin electrolysed lime into mercury which constructed calcium amalgam. Although he discovered calcium in 1808
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research on heavy metals in our water ways I have come to realize that almost all heavy metals can be found in our rivers‚ streams and drinking water. Aluminum‚ Arsenic‚ Chromium‚ Copper‚ Iron‚ Lead‚ Manganese‚ Nickel‚ Silver‚ and Zinc are all chemical elements. Chromium‚ Copper‚ Iron‚ Manganese‚ Nickel‚ Silver‚ and Zinc which are yellow on the periodic table are considered transitional metals. Aluminum and Lead which are light blue on the periodic table are considered other metals. Arsenic which is
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Isotopes and average atomic mass Isotope: element variations with different atomic mass but same atomic number Isotopic Abundance: the relative amount in which each isotope of an element Calculating: given 2 isotopes of an element [B: 10.01u] [B: 11.01u] 1) Given average atomic mass: 10.81u If given percentages‚ you can find average atomic mass by adding each portion 2) Set variables for unknown values Let x represent % abundance for 10/5 B Let 1-x represent % abundance for 11/5 B Calculate:
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two charged particles (ions) are produced the positively charged atom and the negative electron. Energy is absorbed to remove the electron from the atom. Atomic Notation Chemical symbols such as C for carbon‚ H for hydrogen‚ and Cs for cesium are used to identify each type of atom. The atomic number of the element is designated as Z and the mass number is designated as A. The atomic number is always equal to the number of protons in the atom. The mass number is equal to the sum of the number
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Inter-D Tamara Gvaramadze 28 January 2013 Alchemy For over 2000 years alchemy has developed as a means to explore the world around us. It has become known as the ancient art of working to attain wisdom and immortality through the manipulation of elements. The exact origins of alchemy are unknown‚ but it is believed to have begun in either Greece or Egypt from records of alchemists found in Alexandria around 300 BC. Afterwards‚ it spread to China‚ India‚ and Europe. The philosophy of alchemists was
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table (4.3 and 4.4) the trace elements was detected by using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis. The trace metal can be detected by the FAAS within 15 seconds to 30 seconds of each soil sample. Before the samples were analysis with the FAAS‚ the blank samples were run in the machine for each element that was being analyzed. Their absorbances were read. The mean of each blank was calculated and hence the detection limits determined for each element‚ which are for magnesium‚ manganese
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contributed to its present form. Elements such as gold‚ silver‚ tin‚ copper‚ lead and mercury have been known since earliest times. In 1649 the first scientific discovery of an element occurred. Hennig Brand‚ a German chemist‚ treated urine to a series of processes that resulted in the production of the element phosphorus. Over the next 200 years‚ a great deal of knowledge about elements and compounds was gained. By the middle of the 19th century‚ about 60 elements had been discovered. Scientists
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The chemical element copper‚ with Atomic Number 29‚ has been extensively used for thousands of years because of several primary properties that have dictated its use throughout history. Among them we can count durability‚ strength and‚ as a semi-noble metal‚ good resistance to corrosion. With a hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale‚ pure copper is relatively soft and malleable‚ which makes it an easy metal to work with. Analyses of artefacts from lithic civilizations have shown that native copper had not
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