Chp. 15 Chemical equilibrium: Occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction (opposing reactions) proceed at the same rate At equilibrium the rate at which products are produced from reactants equals the rate at which reactants are produced from products At equilibrium a particular ratio of concentration terms equals a constant The composition of an equilibrium mixture does not change with time Kc: equilibrium constant 15.2 Law of mass action: expresses the relationship between
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Penny-Ante Equilibrium Introduction What is equilibrium? What happens to the amount of reactants and products when equilibrium is reached? What if more reactants or products are added to a system already at equilibrium? In this activity‚ pennies will be used as reactants and products in a reversible reaction to answer these questions and learn more about the fundamental nature of equilibrium. Concepts • Reversible reactions • Equilibrium • Equilibrium constant • LeChatelier’s principle Materials
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Objectives * To determine the equilibrium constant for a given reaction * To understand the concept of Le Chatelier’s Principle * To gain experience in the use of a UV Spectrophotometer Background/Concepts * A chemical equilibrium is the state reached by a reaction mixture when the forward reaction and the reverse reaction occur at equal rate‚ resulting in constant values for the concentrations of the reactants and products. * The equilibrium constant Kc for a reversible reaction
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TOPIC 1: RATES AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM QUESTION 1: (Taken from the DoE Physical Sciences Feb-March Paper 2 2009) Antacids are used to relieve indigestion. Indigestion is the condition when the stomach produces too much acid resulting in an uncomfortable and painful feeling. A certain antacid tablet dissolves in water and reacts with the acid in the stomach to release carbon dioxide gas. 1.1 Name the type of chemical reaction that explains why antacids bring relief from indigestion
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Chemistry important in the study of Environmental Engineering? • Applied physical chemistry procedures is used to solve common environmental engineering problems 1. Stoichiometry • It deals with numerical relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. • Stoichiometric analysis can be used to determine the product yield for a given amount of reactant converted. Example of Stochiometric Analysis • Neutralization of hydrochloric acid with lime 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2H2O • Oxidation
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AE 6766 Project 3 Nonpremixed Flames Introduction: In order to understand the structure of non-premixed flames‚ this projects employs a type of opposed flow diffusion to generate a nearly one-dimensional an axisymmetric diffusion flame. The one dimensional character of this flame is significant because it reduces complexities compared to a 2 dimensional flame‚ which allows for manageable and practical calculations. Moreover‚ this type of flame can be generated and easily investigated in the
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effect chemical warfare in WW1 had on the soldier. In World War 1‚ the development and use of poison gases were created mainly to end the stalemate risen by the unexpected trench warfare . These poisonous gases‚ such as mustard gas‚ were close to impossible to avoid in or out of a trench because they were denser near the ground when released‚ causing greater suffering to those ducking for cover. It wasn’t until World War 1 that chemical warfare was given a definition‚ the use of chemical munitions
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minutes. 4. a) The hydrogen peroxide is used up and the manganese dioxide remains unchanged. Part two Title: Enzyme Function Purpose: To observe the role of enzymes in chemical reactions and to determine the kinds of cells that contain more of the enzyme catalase. Prior Knowledge: Enzymes are proteins that assist the chemical reactions of a cell by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start the reactions‚ thereby enabling the cell to carry out the reactions at a faster rate; enzymes
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Observations of Chemical and Physical Change PART 1 – OBSERVATIONS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE No credit will be given for this lab report if the Data section is not completely filled out and if the required photographs are not received. At least one photograph must show the student’s face. OBJECTIVES 1. Observe physical and chemical changes. 2. Define physical and chemical change. 3. Identify the relationship between a chemical change and a chemical reaction. 4. Observe several indicators of a chemical reaction
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Determination of the Equilibrium Constant of an Unknown Ester Hydrolysis Reaction Abstract The experiments to follow determined that the equilibrium concentrations of the reaction: ester + water ↔ alcohol + acid‚ are equal to 0.0363 moles of ester‚ 0.2852 moles of water‚ and 0.0268 moles each of alcohol and acid. Using this information the equilibrium constant was determined to be 0.06938. 1. Introduction In this lab the equilibrium constant‚ Kc‚ for the acid catalyzed reaction
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