Chemical bond From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds"
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Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using TiO2 nanoparticles Nupur Mittal Chemical Engineering‚ IIT (BHU) Varanasi. Abstract: The aim of this research is to reduce the pollution caused by methylene blue dye in waste water coming from textile industries. For this purpose‚ TiO2 nanoparticles are made as they show good photocatalytic activity in degradation of dyes into harmless products. Synthesis is done using titanium butoxide and 2-propanol. The particles formed were a little larger
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Chemical Bonding Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead
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Temperature and Equilibrium Virtual Lab Change is influenced by many different factors in many different situations. If you imagine the 400‚000 gallons of water in a stream at the top of a hill‚ you can picture that they will flow down the hill in order to reach equilibrium. But what if the temperature outside is -40 degrees Fahrenheit? How might this change the movement of the water molecules down the hill? This virtual lab will allow you to explore how temperature changes affect two linked
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of dissolved ions and undissolved ions of a precipitate at equilibrium. This can also be expressed using the rate law equation. For example ‚ the solubility product of calcium hydroxide can be written as‚ Ksp = [Ca2+] [OH-]2 (1) This chemical system is in a dynamic equilibrium between solute and solvent particles in a saturated solution
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A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
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the equilibrium constant from pH values of changing concentrations of ethanoic acid Design Research question: How will altering the concentrations of ethanoic acid affect the pH value‚ and‚ in-turn‚ the equilibrium constant? Background information: When weak acids react‚ the reaction typically does not go to completion. Rather‚ the system goes to an intermediate state in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. Such a system is said to be in chemical equilibrium. When
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PTU/BOS/Ch/101/30-12-2004/ BATCH 2004 Punjab Technical University‚ Jalandhar B.Tech. Chemical Engg. Scheme of Syllabi ( 3rd Semester ) Sr. no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Course Code Ch-201 Ch-203 Ch-205 Ch-207 Ch-209 Ch-211 Ch-213 Ch-215 Ch-217 Course Title Mechanical Operations Numerical Methods in Chemical Engineering Organic & Biotechnology Chemical Process Calculations Fluid Flow Strength of Materials Strength of Materials Lab. Fluid Flow Lab. Numerical Methods in Chem. Engg. Lab. L 3 3
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INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS CHEMICAL BOND Definition: A chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Main types of bond: 1. Ionic or electrovalent bond‚ 2. Covalent bond‚ 3. Coordinate covalent bond Forth type of bond: Metallic bond: The type of bonding which holds the atoms together in metal crystal. Valence electron: The electrons in the outer most energy level in an atom that takes part in chemical bonding
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Tro’s Chemistry Chapter 13 – Chemical Kinetics Page 1 of 13 Acknowledgements: Many of the images are adopted from Tro’s textbook‚ the only purpose of which is to enhance student learning. Key terms‚ concepts‚ skills: Refer to pp 599 – 601. Review questions: 3 – 24. Suggested problems: 25‚ 27‚ 33‚ 39‚ 43‚ 53‚ 57‚ 59‚ 69‚ 73‚ 75‚ 81‚ 93‚ 103. 13.1 & 2 Introduction to the Rate of a Chemical Reaction • kinetics is the study of the factors that affect the speed of a reaction and the mechanism by
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