electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. During electrolysis‚ hydrogen atoms (H2) are reduced at the cathode whereas the oxygen atoms (O2) are oxidized at the anode. There were three different solutions used in the experiment in order to have a better understanding of electrolysis reactions. From each solution‚ reaction equations were produced. The reactions could be observed from the indicators used. The reactions showed that hydrogen ions were produced at the anode
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Observations of Chemical Changes Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe chemical changes in common consumer products to determine if the chemicals are basic‚ acidic‚ or remain neutral when mixed with other chemicals. Procedure: In this experiment‚ various chemicals were mixed together‚ to determine a reaction. Using two drops from chemical 1 and two drops of chemical two‚ unless otherwise stated‚ then recording the type of physical reaction or color changes that occurred.
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Redox Reactions Reactions involving oxidation and reduction processes are very important in our everyday world. They make batteries work and cause metals to corrode (or help to prevent their corrosion). They enable us to obtain heat by burning fuels--in factories and in our bodies. Many redox reactions are complex. However‚ combustion and synthesis (from elements) are two ordinary examples which require very little description. Just a little more involved are the displacement reactions‚ with
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Chemistry 101 Physical & Chemical Properties Purpose To examine the physical and chemical properties of multiple natural chemical substances‚ and to determine which changes are chemical and which are physical. Data Solubility or Reaction | SubstanceName | Color | Odor | Effectof Heat | ColdH2O | HotH2O | LitmusTest | DiluteHCl | DiluteNaOH | Mg | Silver | Odorless | Slight change of color and expansion | No Reaction | Substance became buoyant‚ gas produced | No Reaction | Gas and heat produced
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BIOL2220 Lab 3: Hill Reaction Introduction In 1937‚ Robert Hill discovered that isolated chloroplasts can generate oxygen when they are illuminated in the presence of a suitable electron acceptor‚ even in the absence of carbon dioxide. This finding was a landmark in the study of photosynthesis because it established that the source of the electrons used in the light reactions is water. It also confirmed that the released oxygen is derived from water instead of carbon dioxide. In chloroplasts
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1. Introduction: This investigation will show the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction. The Berocca tablet was reacted with hot water (47oC) and then with cold water (20oC). In the hypothesis‚ it was predicted that the temperature will be inverse proportional to the time Berocca tablet reacts with water to produce 50ml of carbon dioxide gas. Through the result table‚ we can see that the hypothesis is supported and it was correct. In the conclusion‚ it was shown that the temperature has the
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2013 “Reaction Classes and Pericyclic Reactions” ● 4 Lectures ● Recommended Texts: (i) J. March “Advanced Organic Chemistry”‚ p 839‚ `---Edn.‚ Oxford (W); Warren (2) Ch 34‚ 35. Syllabus 1) General principles (a) Reaction classes (i) Heterolytic (ii) Homolytic (iii) Pericyclic (b) Pericyclic Reaction Types 2) Electrocyclic Reactions (a) Definition and examples (b) Stereochemical aspects and the Woodward and Hoffmann rules 3) Cycloaddition Reactions (a) Definition
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2014 Lab report #1 on chemical and physical properties/ changes Introduction Summary: The purpose of this experiment is to allow students to understand how to differentiate physical and chemical properties and reactions of matter by observing changes of matters under circumstances. Physical properties are properties of matter that can be observed without changing the composition of the matter‚ including the volume‚ mass‚ color‚ density‚ and shape of it. Chemical properties include the matter’s
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Balancing chemical equations 1. Complete the following sentences‚ using the words or groups of words in the box below. You may use some words more than once. |• as small as possible |• decrease |• molecules |• quantities | |• balance |• different |• nature |• rearranging | |• bonds |• equal
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Examination of Water and Wastewater 5210 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)*#(1) 5220 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)*#(2) 5220 A. Introduction Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is defined as the amount of a specified oxidant that reacts with the sample under controlled conditions. The quantity of oxidant consumed is expressed in terms of its oxygen equivalence. Because of its unique chemical properties‚ the dichromate ion (Cr2O72–) is the specified oxidant in Methods Section 5220B‚ Section
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