Chemical Bonding Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to
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Chemical Senses OLFACTION The sense of smell. Begins with the detection of molecules suspended in the air Olfactory stimuli Must be soluble in fat Taken through the nostrils and circulated within the nasal cavities connected to the nostrils. Olfactory epithelium Thin sheet of cells which contain neural receptors for olfaction Contains olfactory receptor cells and glia-type support cells that produce mucus Also contains basal cells which give rise to new receptors when needed Olfactory
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Chemical Proportionality (Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid) Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is what happens when a solid substance‚ a metal carbonate is added slowly to a solution of an acid. We are finding methods of determining acid concentration. For us to balance certain equations‚ we will use a stoichiometry. For this experiment‚ we will need to set up the ratio and finding the concentration of HCI. Procedure: • Grab 4 different beakers. • Add a small amount of sodium carbonate
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Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability Worksheet. Simple Diffusion Activity 1: Simulating Simple diffusion 1. What is the molecular weight of Na+? 22.99 2. What is the molecular weight of Cl-? 35.45 3. Which MWCO dialysis membranes allowed both of these ions through? 50‚ 100‚ 200 4. Which materials diffused from the left beaker to the right beaker? Na+/Cl-‚ Urea‚ Glucose 5. Which did not? Why? Albumin did not diffuse from the left to the right beaker. The conclusion
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Chemical Reaction Lab Well #1 CuCl2 + Al (shot) - Bubbling - Turning reddish-maroon - 33oC Well #2 CuCl2 + Al (foil) - Bubbling‚ but less than well #1 - Turning black - 28oC Well #3 CuCl2 + Zn - Turned black then red - No bubbling - 29oC Well #4 CuCl2 + NH4OH - Cloudy - No bubbling - 26oC Well #5 CuCl2 + NaCO3 - Not mixing with CuCl2 - Heterogeneous - 25oC Well #6 CuCl2 + AgNO3 - Cloudy - Top layer is white -29oC 1. The more pronounced reaction was the aluminum
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_________________. These synapses are always (excitatory or inhibitory). Advantages of the electrical synapses: 1. _______ signal conduction 2. _____________ activity for a group of neurons. 6. The chemical synapse: Chemical
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Effects of Tonicity on Cell Membrane Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of tonicity on a cell membrane using red blood cells‚ potato strips and three unknown solutions (A‚ B‚ C). First three slides were prepared containing RBC’s and unknown solutions A‚ B and C. A control slide was prepared only using RBC’s. After observing each slide under the microscope it was determined that unknown solution A was hypertonic because the RBC appeared to have shrunk. The
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Chemical Separation Introduction: The objective of this experiment was to extract the pigments from spinach leaves‚ perform Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) on the spinach leaf extract‚ and then determine the best solvent mixture to use to separate the pigments in the extract. The pigments are located inside the chloroplast walls in the cells of the spinach leaves. In order to obtain the pigments the cell walls must be broken down thus exposing the pigment containing chloroplasts. Upon
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product in Netherland and sale it to cost to Hollandsworth 9 RECOMMENDATION 10 QUESTIONS 11 QUESTION #1 11 QUESTION #1b 11 QUESTION #1c 11 QUESTION #2 12 EXHIBITS 13 AXEON N.V. Case Analysis Axeon N.V Overview Axeon N.V. is a producer of industrial chemicals with 24 manufactory sites around Europe‚ and headquarters in Heerlen‚ Netherlands. It has acquired several companies within Europe to facilitate regional market penetration. By 1996 total sales from each subsidiary is shown in the table below.
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through the epithelial cell membrane to enter into the epithelial cell’s cytoplasm – its charged cuz of side chains To get through the membrane the amino acid must cross the Simple columnar epithelial cells lining the apical surface of the small intestinal tract. These cells are impermeable to any harmful bacteria that may be ingested by the body‚ but permeable to necessary ions. Absorption of amino acids occurs through a process known as facilitated diffusion through membrane transporters (carrier protein)
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