4. The cell’s supply of ADP‚ Pi‚ and NAD+ is finite (limited). What happens to cellular respiration when all of the cell’s NAD+ has been converted to NADH? If NAD is unavailable‚ the cell is unable to conduct any processes that involve the conversion of NAD+ to NADH. Because both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce NADH‚ both of these processes shut down when there is no available NAD+. 5. If the Krebs cycle does not require oxygen‚ why does cellular respiration stop after glycolysis when
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INTRODUCTION Levels of organization (cell to biosphere) and characteristics of life Levels: Cells->tissue ->organs & organ systems->organisms->populations->communities->ecosystems-> biosphere Characteristics of life: Cell and Organization: Each cell can only do the job it is tasked with. Example: brain cells Energy Use and Metabolism: Energy is needed many organisms. Energy is utilized in chemical reactions Response to Environmental Changes: responds to stimuli Regulation and Homeostasis: ex:
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The Great Metabolic Race Organisms are constantly undergoing various chemical reactions and pathways that enable for them to maintain life. These pathways are part of metabolism‚ involving catabolism (break down of organic nutrients for extraction of useful) and anabolism (energy dependent conversion of small precursor molecules in complex molecules); some of which are energy coupled to provide energy efficiency. This intermediate coupling is due to the “energy currency” within the body‚ known as
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AP Biology Mid-Term Study Guide 2015 Monitha Patel Chemical Bonding Compounds Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two or more different atoms Molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Ionic Electron attraction between two atoms Cations (+1) and Anions (-1) attract Covalent Sharing of valance electrons between atoms Nonpolar Electrons are shared equally O2 Polar Covalent Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms Two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen
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All green parts of a plant have chloroplasts. However‚ the leaves are the major site of photosynthesis for most plants. There are about half a million chloroplasts per square millimeter of leaf surface. The color of a leaf comes from chlorophyll‚ the green pigment in the chloroplasts. Chlorophyll plays an important role in the absorption of light energy during photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are found mainly in mesophyll cells forming the tissues in the interior of the leaf. O2 exits and CO2 enters
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Study guide for exam 2. Chapter 7 ‐ Membrane Structure and Function Define fluid mosaic model semi‐permeability amphipathic molecules What is the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on membrane structure and properties? What is the effect of cholesterol on membrane structure and properties? Membrane Proteins and Their Functions peripheral Integral proteins Classification based on function (transport‚ enzymatic activity‚ cell‐cell interactions‚ etc.) How do proteins get to cell surface
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Unit 5 Describe the two process by which hormones can cause certain genes to be turned on. (4) Any 2 from: - A hormone binds to a receptor in the cell surface membrane - Idea of the receptor causing (chemical) changes inside the cell - A (functional) {second messenger} activates an {enzyme/transcription factor/eq} Any 2 from: - Idea of a hormone entering the cell through the cell membrane - The hormone binds to a receptor - The {hormone-receptor complex/eq} acts as a transcription factor
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Biology Final Review Chapter 1 Biology unifies much of natural science * Living systems: most complex chemical systems on Earth * Constrained by properties of chemistry and physics * Science is becoming more interdisciplinary (combining multiple fields) 7 characteristics of all living organisms 1. Composed of cells 2. Complex and ordered 3. Respond to their environment 4. Can grow‚ develop‚ and reproduce 5. Obtain and use energy 6. Maintain internal balance
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Lab 7 – Cellular Respiration Objectives: • To be able to define cellular respiration and fermentation. • To give the overall balanced equations for aerobic respiration and alcoholic fermentation. • To distinguish between inputs‚ products‚ and efficiency of aerobic respiration and those of fermentation. • Understand the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis. Note: You should perform experiments as described in this handout‚ which are adapted from Starr and
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Name: Block: Honors Biology – Mid Term Review |Characteristics of Life | | |What is the difference between stimulus and response?|Stimulus: causes you to react/respond‚ ex: something that irritates your eyes | |Give an example of each |Response: reaction to/response to a stimulus‚ ex:
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