Outline Chapter 6 6.1 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide energy for life A. Cellular respiration is the aerobic harvesting of energy from sugar by muscle cells. B. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis work together to provide energy. 6.2 Breathing supplies oxygen to our cells and removes carbon dioxide A. An organism obtains oxygen from its environment and releases carbon dioxide as waste. B. Breathing and cellular respiration are
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Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing food molecules‚ like glucose‚ to carbon dioxide and water. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O → 12H2O + 6 CO2 The energy released is trapped in the form of ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities of the cell. The process occurs in two phases: glycolysis‚ the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water In eukaryotes‚ glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. (Link to
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Bi 101 Lecture Exam Two Study Objectives: Chapters 5‚ 6‚ 7 All concepts and vocabulary are fair game in Chapters 5-7 Chapter Five: ………….. Membranes Evaluate the importance of membranes to the homeostasis of the cell‚ emphasizing their various functions Explain how the properties of the lipid bilayer govern many properties of the cell membrane (ie understand the chemical lipid bilayer structure—what does “hydrophobic” and “hydrophilic” mean?) Discuss the general types‚ functions‚ and
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Unit Test #2 Review Redox Reactions oxidation: involves loss of electrons‚ often occur with loss of hydrogen‚ occur with gain of oxygen reduction: involves gain of electrons‚ often occur with loss of oxygen‚ occur with gain of hydrogen redox reactions: coupled reactions that play a key role in flow of energy‚ involve gain/loss of electrons Energy Terms anabolic: using energy to build large molecules catabolic: breaking down compounds into smaller molecules to release energy metabolism: all the
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(ADP + P ATP) d. Substrate-level: direct enzymatic transfer of a phosphate to ADP * Only occurs during glycolysis when O2 is not needed to function * Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way e. Electron Transfer /Chemiosmosis: the movement of protons (H+) down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase that can HARNESS THE ENERGY OF THAT GRADIENT (proton-motive force) to bond ADP and phosphate to create ATP through oxidative phosphorylation * Occurs during the
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exergonic flow of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane. In the DNP case hydrogen ions “leaked” back across the membrane‚ diffusing down its gradient. When the mitochondrial membrane became "leaky" to hydrogen ions chemiosmosis stopped because there wasn ’t a gradient of protons between the outside and inside of the membrane. Without a gradient of protons the majority of the ATP produced by cellular respiration couldn ’t be produced which is essential to make fatty acids
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|AP Cellular Respiration Lab Report | |Lab #3 | | | |
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hydrogenotrophic‚ use carbon dioxide (CO2) as a source of carbon‚ and hydrogen as a reducing agent. Some of the CO2 is reacted with the hydrogen to produce methane‚ which produces an electrochemical gradient across a membrane‚ used to generate ATP through chemiosmosis. In contrast‚ plants and algae use water as their reducing agent. Methanogens lack peptidoglycan‚ a polymer that is found in the cell walls of the Bacteria but not Archaea. Some methanogens have a cell wall that is composed of pseudopeptidoglycan
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Activity 9.1 A Quick Review of Energy Transformations Review Chapter 8 and pages 160–162 of Chapter 9 in Biology‚ 7th edition. Then complete the discussion by supplying or choosing the appropriate terms. To maintain life‚ organisms must be able to convert energy from one form to another. For example‚ in the process of photosynthesis‚ algae‚ plants‚ and photosynthetic prokaryotes use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen (a waste product). The summary
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stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis‚ location‚ three phases‚ output. Breakdown of pyruvate‚ location‚ input and output Citric acid cycle‚ overall goal‚ main processes. Oxidative phosphorylation‚ electron transport chain‚ final acceptor Chemiosmosis‚ role of H ions‚ role of ATP synthase Fermentation‚ steps in the process‚ alcoholic and lactate‚ where each occurs Be able to read glycolysis pathways from handout (glycolysis case study). Be able to diagnose based on blood tests Photosynthesis
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