effect of citric and buffered lactic acids on the flavour of hard-boiled sweets and the effect of acids on various flavours in high temperature applications. Introduction Materials and Methods An amount of water‚ sugar and glucose syrup of 30g‚ 100g and 70g were weighed respectively into a stainless steel pot. The mixture was then heated and removed immediately from the induction cooker after reaching the desired temperature of 145˚C. Flavours of 0.51g and acid of 1.20g was added immediately afterwards
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boiled to find the boiling point and then identified using a chart of unknown identities and boiling points. The oxidation of the unknown alcohol was done through the mixing of the unknown alcohol‚ glacial acetic acid‚ and bleach. Through the procedure of oxidation over a period of two lab days‚
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Cells rely on processes such as cellular respiration and fermentation in order to produce ATP through a series of steps. There are two different types of fermentation: lactic acid fermentation in humans and alcohol fermentation in yeast and bacteria. All of these processes synthesize ATP‚ however‚ unlike respiration‚ both types of fermentation occur when oxygen is not present. In addition‚ each process undergoes a critical first
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CHM 3120L ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY I LABORATORY REPORT EXPERIMENT: DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID BY REDOX TITRATION Name: Section: Date Experiment Completed: 2.0008 g KIO3 x (1 mol/214 g KIO3) = 0.0093495327 mol KIO3 0.0093495327 mol KIO3 / 0.500 L = 0.0186990654 M KIO3 6 Na2S2O3 + KIO3 + 6 H+ → I-+ 3 H2O + 3 S4O62- + K+ + 12 Na+ 0.0187 M KIO3 × 0.025 L = 4.675 x 10-4 mol KIO3 4.675 x 10-4 mol KIO3 x (6 mol Na2S2O3 / 1 mol KIO3) = 0.002805 mol Na2S2O3 0.002805 mol Na2S2O3
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to observe a shift in equilibrium concentrations associated with changes in temperature 4. to explain the observations obtained by applying Le Chatelier’s principle Materials Required: See page 209 Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiments Procedure: See pages 209-211 Heath Chemistry Laboratory Experiments Data and Observations: Table 1 Equilibrium Involving Thymol Blue REAGENT ADDED STRESS (ION ADDED) COLOR OBSERVATION DIRECTION OF EQUILIBRIUM SHIFT HCl (Step
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Chem 253 Lab 1: Acid/Base Properties of an Antimicrobial Agent 09/03/13 Purpose The purpose was to determine the acid and base properties of the antimicrobial agent sodium benzoate. Theory Sodium has mainly been used in food processing to avoid growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms. It is commonly used to preserve foods and beverages that have an acidic pH. Rather than benzoic acid‚ sodium benzoate is used because it is generally soluble in most aqueous solutions but benzoic
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Thermochemistry (((CLASS INFORMATION)) INTRODUCTION Thermal chemistry was intended to display that chemical reaction and phase changes involve energy. The energy of heat was presented when a change in temperature difference was evaluated. Chemical reactions in a calorimeter were used to determine the amount of heat produced by a reaction. Reactions that absorb heat were noted as endothermic‚ and reactions that release heat were noted as exothermic
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Acids vs Bases In chemistry‚ when some elements are mixed‚ the compounds that are formed can be classified depending on its characteristics‚ just like acids and bases. Acids are defined as compounds that donate a hydrogen ion‚ H+‚ to another compound. Bases are the chemical opposite of acids. They both are different in many ways. One way in which acids and bases differ is the pH and the pOH. The pH is a number used to denote the hydrogen-ion concentration‚ or the acidity‚ of a solution. In the
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Billy Kong Chem&163 Lab Report 1 Analysis of Acids‚ Bases‚ pH and Salt Purpose: Explore various methods for determining the characteristics of acid/base solution. The goal of this experiment include the investigation of various acid/base indicators‚ calculating the change of pH with concentration‚ change of pH due to the addition of salt and different between strong and weak acids/bases. Safety and Disposal: Use extreme caution when handling concentrated acids and bases. Dispose of all solutions
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October 13‚ 2012 Needle through a Balloon Pre-Lab Preparations: Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to see if the balloon pops when pierced with a wooden skewer or a sharp pin. Hypothesis: If we lubricate the skewer with petroleum jelly‚ then it should go through the balloon without popping. Hypothesis for the 2nd part of the Lab: If we cover the side of the balloon with cellophane tape‚ then it will not pop when pierced with the pin. Materials: • Balloons • Long wooden
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