plaster. However this process does not prevent carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere which is the main gaseous product from combusting coal or any hydrocarbon fuel. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons consisting mainly of alkanes. The simplest alkane is methane ( CH4) used as fuel in homes for cooking and heating. Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting only of hydrogen and carbon atoms. In crude oil’s raw form it is a thick tarry substance so it needs to be processed to separate it
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CHEMISTRY REVISION GUIDE for IGCSE Coordinated Science This revision guide is designed to help you study for the chemistry part of the IGCSE Coordinated Science course. The guide contains everything that the syllabus says you need you need to know‚ and nothing extra. The material that is only covered in the supplementary part of the course (which can be ignored by core candidates) is highlighted in dashed boxes: Some very useful websites to help you further your understanding include: •http://www
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questions that follow: [pic] Write the IUPAC name for the compound. Use the numbering scheme shown in te dagram: (1R‚ 2R)-1‚2-Dimethylcyclobutane (5 pts) How many unique monochloro compounds would result from free radical chlorination of this molecule? Be sure to consider absolute stereochemistry when formulating your answer. FIVE (10 pts) Of all the dichloro derivatives which could form‚ write the structure of any meso compounds below. If none
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*If you ever use this‚ please e-mail me at antisoma@hotmail.com. I ’d just like to know. Cryptosporidium parvum: Transmission and Infection Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan intestinal parasite causing a short-term enteric illness in individuals with functioning immune systems‚ and can cause a potentially fatal infection in immunosuppressed individuals. Because of C. parvum ’s resistance to many of the procedures used to process drinking water and food‚ and the parasite ’s extremely
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IntroductionA dehydration reaction of an alcohol results in an alkene. This type of reaction requires an alcohol‚ an acid catalyst and heat. Generally strong concentrated acids‚ like sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid‚ are used as the acid catalyst.The acid catalyst protonates the alcohol‚ to make a much better leaving group. Weakest bases make the best leaving groups‚ so once the alcohol is protonated the leaving group leaves and produces in a carbocation and water. In order to form the double bond
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FTB 302 FOREST BIOTECHNOLOGY (2+1) In fermentation industry‚ various commercial products of important economic value made by microorganisms are (1) pharmaceuticals‚ including antibiotics‚ steroids‚ human protein‚ vaccines‚ and vitamins; (2) organic acids; (3) amino acids; (4) enzymes; (5) organic solvents; and (6) synthetic fuels. Some Microbial Species Used for Producing Commercial Products. Industrial Chemicals Saccharomyces cerevisisae Ethanol (from Kluyveromyces fragilis glucose) Clostridium
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Blood is the best known as significant evidence in modern criminal justice. Blood evidence is important to an investigator because it can link a victim to a suspect (Locards Exchange Principle). Bloodstain patterns can reveal a great deal about the position and movement during the crime. Blood has managed to destroy self-defense arguments from the suspects. The fluid portion of the blood consists of plasma and serum while the non-fluid portion consists of red blood cells. Blood is composed of water
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would die in seconds. Glucose‚ the most important carbohydrate‚ not only has a carbonyl group but is an aldehyde. Another common carbohydrate is fructose‚ fruit sugar‚ this compound is a ketone. These compounds are more reactive than your typical alkane‚ the question you may ask is why? The answer lies in the location of the electrons in the carbonyl group. First‚ look at the hybridization of a carbonyl carbon. A carbon connected to three other molecules must be doubly bonded to one of those molecules
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To produce tert-butyl chloride from tert-butyl alcohol 2. To understand the SN1 and SN2 mechanism involved in the reaction 3. To determine the yield of percentage of t-butyl chloride II. Introduction An alkyl halide is a derivative of alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with a functional group C-C. The hydrogen atom is then replaced by a halogen (F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ I). Therefore‚ alkyl halides are compounds that have a halogen atom bonded to a saturated‚ sp3 hybridized carbon atom. These could be classified
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bromide with the carbonyl compound. However‚ before any of this could be done‚ the refluxing apparatus for the Grignard reaction was to be flame dried until no moisture remained inside because any water would cause the reagent to decompose and an alkane to form. The reaction would subsequently fail. Drierite was placed inside a plastic drying tube as a drying agent‚ absorbing all the moisture from the solvents that would later be refluxing in the apparatus and coming out into the atmosphere. After
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