College of food science &technology‚ bapatla-522101 CERTIFICATE Certified that this is a bonafide record done in B.tech(food technology) by S.CHITRA SAI‚ BF-09-011
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There are three basic types of stereoisomers such as conformational isomers‚ geometric isomers and optical isomers. Molecules that exhibit free rotation about a single bond give rise to conformational isomerism. This is usually illustrated by alkanes due to their C-C single bond. It is usually represented using the Newman projection. eclipsed staggered anti-staggered gauche-staggered chair boat The second type of stereoisomerism is geometric isomerism
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ketone‚ 9-fluorenone is reduced to and alcohol. The are two possible ways by which this reduction can occur. One is by a catalytic hydrogenation‚ this uses a catalyst such as palladium or nickel‚ hydrogen gas‚ and heat/pressure. This can reduced an alkane to alkene. This catalytic process is preferred in industrial practices because the cost is low in the long run and more importantly there is little to no waste expense. However‚ hydrogen gas is dangerous due to being very flammable/combustible. Therefore
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Chromatography • • • Separation based on polarity of compounds Two potential phases for a compound to exist in: mobile and stationary Partitioning of compounds between mobile phase and stationary phase occurs: o Compounds that are less polar move more in the mobile phase‚ those that are more polar “stick” more on the stationary phase o These polarity differences cause compounds move at different rates and therefore can be separated 1. Mobile Phase: the phase the moves; can be gas or
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to the 1950s‚ county and local health departments made substantial progress in disease prevention activities‚ including sewage disposal‚ water treatment‚ food safety‚ organised solid waste disposal‚ and public education about hygienic practices. Chlorination and other treatments for drinking water began in the early 1900s and became widespread public health practices thus further decreasing the incidence of waterborne diseases. The Public Health Act‚ 1875 - Parliament began passing more legislation
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Melting Point Determination Identity and Purity of Solid Organic Compounds Objectives • To introduce the technique of melting point determination. • To use the concept of melting points for identification and characterization of organic compounds. • Properly fill and use a capillary melting point tube. • Determine accurate melting point ranges for a wide variety of organic substances. Introduction The melting point of a solid can easily and accurately be determined
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Chemistry F332 Notes Ions in solids and solutions: Structure of an ionic lattice (Sodium Chloride): * Consists of sodium ions (Na+) surrounded by six chloride ions (Cl-) * Chloride ions also surrounded by six sodium ions. * Held together by attraction of oppositely charged ions. * Giant ionic lattice. * Electrostatic bonds hold lattices together. * Structure is simple cubic. * Some ionic crystals contain water. * Known as water of crystallisation. * These crystals
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Cooling Water Problems and Solutions Course No: M05-009 Credit: 5 PDH A. Bhatia Continuing Education and Development‚ Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point‚ NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774 info@cedengineering.com COOLING WATER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Water is used in cooling systems as a heat transfer medium and frequently also as the final point to reject heat into the atmosphere by evaporating inside cooling towers. Depending on the quality of available fresh
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Tuba –tuba (Jatropha curcas) fruits as a source of biogas CHAPTER I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Gasoline oils are very much in demand in the Philippines‚ especially in the transports companies and local oil companies. These companies heavily depend on foreign gasoline oils or imported oils for adequate supply and are spending not only billions but trillions of dollars for the import of gasoline oils. The Philippines rank___among the oil importing countries‚ garnering 0.77% of the world’s import
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Experiment 8: Synthesis of Adipic Acid Performed November 8th & 10th By Jennifer Seitz Organic Chemistry 344 Section 803 Fall 2011 Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize adipic acid from cyclohexanol via an oxidation reaction that was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Purity of the product was assessed by measuring the melting point. Physical Properties/Structures: Name | Formula | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Boiling Point (0C) | Melting Point(0C) | Density(g/mL)
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