move into available space. It’s the spread of something more widely. Substances diffuse in high concentrated area to a low concentrated area. Water is one molecule that can diffuse freely in a cell. Other molecules need assistance through the cell membrane through a process called facilitated diffusion. Osmosis moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration. In osmosis water moves in the opposite way. Water flow is determined by the concentration‚ not the nature of the solute. There
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allowing it to keep ahead of immune system recognition mechanisms and avoid destruction. (Cancer is discussed on pp. 145-146) 3.2 Selective permeability is a characteristics of healthy‚ intact cells. When a cell (or its plasma membrane) is severely damaged‚ the membrane becomes permeable to virtually everything‚ and substances flow into and out of the cell freely. This phenomenon is evident when someone has been severely burned. Precious fluids‚ proteins‚ and ions "weep" from the damaged cells.
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has more concentration of K+. The membrane is permeable to a particular ion‚ that ion will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: Because outside has more K+‚ the rate of diffusion is less. The resting membrane potential will become less negative
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called a concentration gradient‚ can result in diffusion‚ the movement of molecules from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration. 2. osmosis‚ turgor pressure: Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane. When osmosis results in water molecules entering a plant cell‚ the molecules exert a pressure against the cell wall‚ called turgor pressure. 3. hypertonic‚ plasmolysis : hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cytosol of
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our equation‚ the water potential of the potato and carrot are -500 kPa and -1000 kPa (respectfully) as in this case the solute potential equals the water potential as there is no pressure potential as the solution is open and it isn’t under a membrane so it is not under pressure. The Water Potential (Ψ) of the solution is equal to the Ψ of the tuber as there is no pressure potential. C2 and C3 As the concentration of the sucrose solution increases‚ the average percentage change in mass decreases
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Chapter 4: Membrane Structure and Function Fluid Mosaic Model 1. Consistency of membrane is solid enough to form a boundary‚ but flexible and permeable like a fluid. 2. Proteins scattered throughout - Embedded or on the surface - Can move around laterally 3. Phospholipid from bilayer‚ make up most of membrane 4. Glycolipids have carbohydrate chains attached. 5. Hydrophilic heads point out/into the cell 6. Hydrophobic tails point out towards each other Proteins 1. Glycoproteins: have
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Phospholipids are made up from many smaller molecules combine these are: fatty acid chains‚ glycerol‚ phosphate and choline. Two of the carbons of the glycerol are joined to two fatty acids in a condensation reaction creating ester bonds. The final carbon is bonded to the phosphate molecule‚ which in turn is connected via a covalent bond to choline. Due to the polar nature of the glycerol phosphate and choline molecules‚ they create a hydrophilic area (known as the hydrophilic head). Whereas‚ the
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concentrations of alcohol on the membrane structure of a beetroot a) Decide what you think will be the effect of alcohol on beetroot cell surface membranes and how this will affect their permeability. Write down your idea as a hypothesis that you can test‚ and support your idea with biological knowledge. Hypothesis “The greater the concentration of the alcohol the more red pigments (betalains) move into the solution.” Biological knowledge: The exposure of the beetroot cell membrane to alcohol makes it
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Advanced Biology Final Exam / Fall 2011 Short Answer 1. Which of the following is a false statement regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)? 2. Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? 3. Which component is not directly involved in translation? 4. The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is 5. Which of the following types of mutation‚ resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation‚ is likely to have the
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paper towels microscope slide cover slip Procedure 1. Make a wet mount of the red onion epidermis. 2. Examine under low power. When you have a clear view of several cells‚ switch to high power. Make a labeled drawing (cell wall‚ membrane‚ cytosol) of your cells. This will give you a record of the original appearance of the onion cells. 3. Take a dropper and add several drops of salt solution to one side of your cover slip while placing a small piece of paper towel along the
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