Succulence was determined according to the following equation: Succulence = Fresh Weight/Oven Dry Weight…………………........................................................(1) Measurement of Relative Water Content (RWC%);Relative Turgidity (RT %): Relative water content was estimated according to a modification of the method of Weatherly (1950); Weatherly and Barr (1962); Slatyer (1957);Fletcher et al. (1988)on the final day of the experiment and was calculated by the formula given byKramer (1983).Detached
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green chlorophyll in each chloroplast. Chloroplasts are round about 4 to 6 micrometres in diameter. Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschkowsky was the first person to discover the chloroplast. He discovered the chloroplast while working with lichens. Chloroplasts evolved from “swallowed up” prokaryotes(Unicellular organisms : bacteria) that once lived as independent organisms. At some point‚ a eukaryote (A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a
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measuring light intensity) there is no effect on the rate. Very high intensity may‚ in fact‚ slow down the rate as it bleaches the chlorophyll. Normal sunlight (usually with an intensity of about 100‚000 lux) is quite sufficient for a normal rate of photosynthesis. Open and Closed Stomata Sub Topics 1. Carbon Dioxide Concentration 2. Temperature 3. Chlorophyll Concentration 4. Water 5. Pollution 6. Application 7. Compensation Point Carbon Dioxide Concentration Back to Top In the
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reactions The light dependent reactions occur on the thylakoid membrane and may occur by either cyclic or non-cyclic processes In both processes‚ light excites chlorophyll (clustered in photosystems) which release electrons that pass through an electron transport chain‚ making ATP (photophosphorylation) Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation Chlorophyll in photosystems I and II absorbs light‚ which triggers the release of high energy electrons (photoactivation) The electrons from photosystem II pass along
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(phytoplankton) cycles Biological Pump: CO_2 sinks to bottom of the ocean to get pereserved there Major species of algal bloom: diatoms‚ dinoflagellates‚ coccolithophores‚ etc. blooms are unsteady phenomenon Bloom definition: cell #’s >10^6mL^-1 chlorophyll a concentration ? 3-fold of the annual average. Geosphere‚ Lithosphere‚ Atmosphere‚ Hydrosphere‚ Biosphere Gaia Hypothesis – (James Lovelock) The chemical constituents within the Earth System are out of equilibrium in a thermodynamic sense
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second process. (Photosynthesis‚ 2010)The Light Independent Process (or Dark Reactions) occurs when the products of the Light Reaction are used to form covalent bonds of carbohydrates. In the Light Dependent Processes (Light Reactions) light strikes chlorophyll a in such a way as to excite electrons to a higher energy state. In a series of reactions the energy is converted (along an electron transport process) into ATP and NADPH. Water is split in the process‚ releasing oxygen as a by-product of the reaction
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in water quality • Monitoring water quality started since the late of 1970s. • The content of suspended solids in water is the parameter that firstly been remote sensed. • Collecting water samples and analyzing the samples in a laboratory (e.g. chlorophyll‚ turbidity and total phosphorous • Traditional water quality monitoring techniques are costly and time consuming. • Frequent ground samplings are generally not possible. History of RS in water quality The application of and research of remote
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Within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast‚ are two photosystems. Photosystem I optimally absorbs photons of a wavelength of 700 nm. Photosystem II optimally absorbs photons of a wavelength of 680 nm. The numbers indicate the order in which the photosystems were discovered‚ not the order of electron transfer. Under normal conditions electrons flow from PSII through cytochrome bf (a membrane bound protein analogous to Complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain) to PSI. Photosystem
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Background Theory Photosynthesis: Plants require water from the soil‚ sunlight and carbon dioxide found in the atmosphere for growth and development. In the process of photosynthesis‚ carbon dioxide and water – in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy – are converted into sugar and oxygen‚ which is given off as a by-product. Generally‚ as sunlight increases in intensity‚ the rate of photosynthesis also increases [1]. This means greater food production within the plant. Many garden vegetables
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photosynthesis? 2) How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis? sunlight carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen chlorophyll sunlight 6CO2 + 6H2O àààààà C6H12O6 + 602 chlorophyll Prediction I predict that the more intense the light‚ the higher the rate of photosynthesis. To photosynthesise‚ plants need light. It provides the energy for the process to happen. Chlorophyll is an enzyme and it speeds up the reaction. If a plant does not get enough of either of these things‚ photosynthesis will
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