Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell 7. Contains chlorophyll‚ a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color Cell Part Vacuole Chloroplasts (grana) Ribosome Vesicles Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplasts 8. Digests excess or worn-out cell parts‚ food particles and invading viruses or bacteria Lysosome/Peroxisome 9. Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome 10. Provides
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which autotrophs use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. This conversion into chemical energy is associated with the action of the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll molecules located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts are arranged into complexes known as photosystems. Each photosystem contains the reaction center complex and is surrounded by light harvesting complexes. The light harvesting complexes are composed of pigment molecules such as chlorophyll a‚ b
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@ Mitosis begins Cell moves from interphase into mitosis-----DNA and chromosome (have been replicated and ready to separate) 细胞相间移动，DNA和chromosome已经复制，准备分离 Biologists often refer to the process in separate subphases because of significant events that occur. 一般当成单独的子阶段，因为重要 @The phases of mitosis 1. Prophase (before phase) Chromosomes become visible as thread-like form when using light microscope. Each chromosome is duplicated and consists of two sister chromatids‚ join together by a centromere
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Through this experiment‚ Egeria densa was observed using a microscope. The task was to observe and identify the different types of cell‚ cytoplasmic streaming‚ and plasmolysis of Egeria densa. First‚ the microscope was examined and investigated to master the use of the equipment. A microscope slide grid which was on the slide glass was required to be seen clearly using 4x‚ 10x and 30x. During the latter part of the experiment‚ the Egeria densa was observed using the microscope to understand the
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the cell pinches in the center to form two cells; no cell plate is laid down. Centrioles are generally not found in higher plant cells‚ while they are found in animal cells. Animal cells do not have plastids‚ which are common in plant cells (chloroplasts). Both cell types have vacuoles‚ however‚ in animal cells vacuoles are very tiny or absent‚ while in plant cells vacuoles are generally quite large. | A plant cell is bounded by a cell wall and the living portion of the cell is within the walls
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protects the genetic material. Without organelles (only ribosomes) Presence of membrane-bound organelles Smaller in size Types: plant and animal ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS Cell walls absent Cell walls made of cellulose Chloroplast never present Chloroplast present Centrioles present Centrioles absent Variety of shapes Regular shapes Small vacuoles throughout the cytoplasm Often one large central vacuole Nucleus anywhere but often in the centre Nucleus at the edge of the cell
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In prokaryotes‚ it’s easier to make DNA replication because of the lack of a nucleus‚ but to do DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell is more difficult. DNA of an eukaryotic cell is in chromatin form to fit into the small nucleus for the replication to occur‚ first the DNA should open. This is because it is harder for eukaryotes to carry out DNA synthesis. Replication of DNA in a prokaryote is different from a eukaryote. In a prokaryote they have a single origin where the replication process starts
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A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Importance of Cells • All organisms are made of cells. o Many organisms are single-celled. o Even in multicellular organisms‚ the cell is the basic unit of structure and function. • The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. • All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells. Concept 2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A GENERAL BIOLOGY PRACTICE MIDTERM TEST 2010-2011 Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The work of scientists usually begins with a. testing a hypothesis. b. careful observations. c. d. creating experiments. drawing conclusions. ____ 2. What is the term for all parts of Earth inhabited by living things? a. population b. ecosystem c. biosphere
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Definition/comparison questions Evolution / Selection Evolution is a slow continuous process of change that happens in plants and animals over a long period of time resulting in a change from simpler to more complex forms. This is the reason modern day plants and animals are different from those of past. The competition for resources will favour organisms with better adaptability and certain variations over others hence leading to change in the rate of occurrence of certain traits within that population
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