Chapter 2: Patterns in Nature 1. Cell theory • 1590: Dutch grind glass lens (1st compound microscope) • 1665: Robert Hooke uses compound m. analysis thin cork slices as filled with air enclosed in boxes (cells) distinct • 1676: Dutch sees microorganism under microscope from pond water • 1824: French suggest all organisms composed of cells • 1827: Robert Brown (Brownian motion) discovered nucleus in plant cell • 1838: German produced evidence that all organisms made of cells • 1859:
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specialized structures called organells. All plants‚ animals and fungi are eukaryotes. Part of the Eukarya domain‚ Protista‚ Fungi‚ Plantae‚ and Animalia kingdom. plant- eukaryote‚ cell walls of cellulose‚ contain chloroplasts‚ multicellular‚ autotrophs animal- eukaryote‚ no cell walls or chloroplasts‚ multicellular‚ heterotroph List the three
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fragment lengths can be seen after gel electrophoresis‚ hybridisation and visualisation. Isolating DNA Isolating DNA is the first step for many DNA-based technologies. DNA is found either in nuclear chromosomes or in organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts). To extract DNA from its location‚ several laboratory procedures are needed to break the cell wall and nuclear membrane‚ and so appropriately separate the DNA from other cell components. When doing so‚ care must be taken to ensure the process
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure Notes The cell is the basic unit of biologic organization of the human body Protoplasm: an aqueous colloidal solution of carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids‚ nucleic acids‚ and inorganic salts surrounded by a limiting cell membrane Cells in our respiratory tract produce mucus to trap dust and microorganisms that get past the hairs in our nose then move the material to our throat to be swallowed and passed out through the digestive system The most prominent structure in the
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drawings and photographs of typical animal and plant cells as seen under the electron microscope‚ recognising the following membrane systems and organelles: rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum‚ Golgi body‚ mitochondria‚ ribosomes‚ lysosomes‚ chloroplasts‚ cell surface membrane‚ nuclear envelope‚ centrioles‚ nucleus and nucleolus. (b) Outline the functions of the membrane systems and organelles listed in (a). (c) Describe the formation and breakage of a glycosidic bond. (d) Analyse the molecular
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particles are released from te cell. These new viruses go on to affect other cells. Algae is a plantlike protist. Some are one celled and others are many-celled. All algae can make there own food because they have a pigment called chlorophyll in there chloroplasts. Theses are the phylum of
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Chemical: can’t change it back to it’s natural state (cooking) Psychical: can change it back to it’s natural state (ice cube) Iron rusts is chemical change Set something on fire is a chemical change What is in a plant cell: - Nucleus - Chloroplast - Nucleolus - Tonoplast - Vacuole - Plasmodesmata - Cell wall They are placed in the periodic table based on their atomic number Atomic number is number of protons found in nucleus The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons’
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definition‚ the green algae‚ but not red or brown seaweeds like kelp‚ nor fungi or bacteria. Green plants have cell walls with cellulose and characteristically obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis using chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts‚ which gives them their green color. Some plants are parasitic and may not produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or photosynthesize. Plants are also characterized by sexual reproduction‚ modular and indeterminate growth‚ and an alternation of generations
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Embryos Survive Stem Cell Harvest Pg. 2 Embryos Survive Stem Cell Harvest Pg. 2 Prevent skin cancer cause by the UV rays with the new Eucerin sun block cream protector Prevent skin cancer cause by the UV rays with the new Eucerin sun block cream protector November‚ 2012 issue November‚ 2012 issue The CELL-O Magazine by mariana carroll and esteban cruz The CELL-O Magazine by mariana carroll and esteban cruz Pg 4 How to prevent cancer? There are a lot of ways to
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graph shows how effective the different wavelengths of light are at enabling photosynthesis‚ and this can be determined by measuring either the carbon dioxide consumed or by the amount of oxygen released. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of organisms. In plants‚ it is the chlorophyll that absorbs the light energy and drives photosynthesis. On the absorption spectrum‚ chlorophyll a and b seem to be effective within the violet to blue (approximately 400 – 500nm) region and the red
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